2007;89(4) – ABC CARDIOL

Point of view

Current situation of the treatment of heart failure in Brazil

Charles Mady

POINT OF VIEW

Current situation of the treatment of heart failure in Brazil

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Artigo Original

Assessment of food intake in infants between 0 and 24 months with congenital heart disease

Tais Cleto Lopes Vieira et al. Marlene Trigo Rosiris Roco Alonso Regina Helena Cunha Ribeiro … Maria Regina Alves Cardoso Antonio Carlos Alves Cardoso Maria Aparecida Alves Cardoso

BACKGROUND: Children with congenital heart disease are usually malnourished and present some degree of functional and/or structural impairment of organs. There is also deficiency in nutrient intake, due to the control of fluids required by some patients which restrains the nutrient intake of some cardiac children. OBJECTIVE: To assess the food intake of children with congenital heart disease hospitalized in the pediatric heart unit of a “Public Teaching Hospital”. METHODS: The intake of food and nutrients was calculated based on the food consumed during three days (direct weighting method) and the calories and nutrients were calculated using the Virtual Nutri software. RESULTS: The intake of calories per kilogram of body weight, of daily proteins, sodium and vitamin A was within the recommended levels (p < 0.05). However, the intake of daily calories, fats, fiber, potassium and iron was below the recommended levels (p < 0.05) and the intake of proteins per kilogram, carbohydrates, calcium and vitamin C was above the recommended levels (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Children with congenital cardiopathy have inadequate diets, and therefore, need nutritional guidance to foster adequate dietary intake and the resulting improvement in growth and weight and height development, guaranteeing better quality of life to the patients.

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Artigo Original

Translation and validation into portuguese Language of the Medication Regimen Complexity Index

Ana Carolina Melchiors et al. Cassyano Januário Correr Fernando Fernández-Llimos

BACKGROUND: The complexity of pharmacotherapy is a result of a multiplicity of prescribed regimen factors, including the number of different drugs in the regimen, the number of dosage units per dose, the total number of prescribed doses per day and administration instructions. The Medication Regimen Complexity Index (MRCI) is a specific, reliable and valid tool used to measure the complexity of pharmacotherapy, originally developed in English language. OBJECTIVE: Transcultural translation and validation of this tool into Brazilian Portuguese. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was developed with 95 type-2 diabetes patients, receiving multiple medications. The validation process included translation into Portuguese, back-translation and pre-test of the tool, creating a new version called the Pharmacotherapy Complexity Index (PCI). The psychometric parameters were assessed, including convergent validity, discriminant validity and reliability (interclass and test-retest correlation). RESULTS: The complexity of pharmacotherapy measured by the MRCI-Brazil had an average score of 15.7 points (SD=8.36). MRCI-Brazil showed significant correlation with the number of medications (r=0.86; p<0.001) and age of patients (r=0.28, p=0.005). Interrater reliability analysis found an intra-class correlation (ICC) of 0.99 (p<0.001) and test-retest correlation was of 0.997 (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The results have shown that the Brazilian version of the MRCI presents adequate validity and reliability, and may be useful in clinical practice and research involving the analysis of the drug regimen complexity.

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Artigo Original

Cardiovascular risk in vegetarians and omnivores: a comparative study

Rita de Cássia Moreira de Almeida Teixeira et al. Maria del Carmen Bisi Molina Eliana Zandonade José Geraldo Mill

BACKGROUND: Clinical and epidemiological studies have demonstrated a strong association between eating habits and chronic diseases, particularly cardiovascular events, although not all the mechanisms of action are understood. OBJECTIVE: To describe and analyze the cardiovascular risk (CVR) in vegetarians and omnivores residing in Greater Vitória, State of Espírito Santo, Brazil, in the age range from 35 to 64 years. METHODS: To evaluate CVR in the groups, a historical cohort study with 201 individuals was conducted. Sixty seven individuals who had been following a vegetarian diet for at least five years, and who were from Greater Vitória, as well as 134 omnivores participating in the MONICA Project/Vitória matched for socioeconomic class, gender, age and race were included. Biochemical and hemodynamic measurements were obtained in the Cardiovascular Investigation Clinic of UFES. For comparison of proportions, the chi2 test was used, and the Prevalence Ratio was calculated. The CVR was calculated using the Framingham algorithm for the group as a whole, and for separate genders. RESULTS: The mean age of the group was 47±8 years and the mean duration of vegetarianism was 19±10 years; the lacto-ovo vegetarian diet was followed by 73% of the vegetarians. Blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-c, and triglycerides were lower among vegetarians (p<0.001). HDL-c levels were not different between the groups. According to the Framingham algorithm, vegetarians had a lower CVR (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Unbalanced omnivorous diet with excess animal protein and fat may be implicated, to a great extent, in the development of noncommunicable diseases and conditions, especially in the CVR.

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Image

Angiographic follow-up of myocardial revascularization using the vineberg procedure correlated with intraoperative imaging

José Glauco Lobo Filho et al. Antonio Jorge de Vasconcelos Forte Maria Cláudia A Leitão

IMAGE

Angiographic follow-up of myocardial revascularization using the vineberg procedure correlated with intraoperative imaging

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Anatomopathological Session

Case 5/2007: a 71 year-old diabetic and hypertensive female with left ventricular hypertrophy and epigastric pain

Luciana Freitas Feitosa et al. André Coelho Marques Luiz Alberto Benvenuti

ANATOMOPATHOLOGICAL SESSION

Case 5/2007 – A 71 year-old diabetic and hypertensive female with left ventricular hypertrophy and epigastric pain

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Artigo Original

Influence of overall and abdominal adiposity on C-reactive protein levels in elderly women

Jeffer Eidi Sasaki et al. Maressa Priscila Krause Mirnaluci P. R. Gama Tatiane Hallage … Cosme Franklin Buzzachera Maria Gisele dos Santos Sergio Gregorio da Silva

OBJECTIVE: To investigate how overall and abdominal adiposity, measured by waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), and sum of skinfolds (sigmaSK), affect plasma C-reactive protein levels (CRP) in elderly women. METHODS: Study sample consisted of 387 women older than 60 years (mean age 68.9; standard deviation 5.9 years). BMI, WC, sigmaSK, and CRP levels were all measured. One-way ANOVA was performed to detect differences in study variables among the CRP levels investigated. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the influence of body fat measurements on CRP levels. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: The analysis of variance showed that mean WC was lower in women with normal CRP levels, as compared to those with high CRP levels. Logistic regression analysis examined the influence of BMI, WC, and sigmaSK quartiles on CRP levels, yielding the following results: only WC was predictive of elevated CRP levels, its highest quartile (cut-off point of 94.0 cm) showing levels nearly two times higher than its lowest quartile (odds ratio = 2.23; 95% confidence interval = 1.92-4.18; p = 0.012). CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that abdominal adiposity is a strong predictor of elevated CRP levels.

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Revisão

Hemodynamic and vascular effects of resistance training: implications for cardiovascular disease

Daniel Umpierre et al. Ricardo Stein

Resistance training has been proposed as a possible strategy for cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation, and in this context, this review describes the cardiovascular effects mediated by this type of intervention. Increments in both muscular strength and capacity to perform daily tasks are well-characterized benefits of this type of training. More recently, studies using hemodynamic evaluation have shown cardiovascular stability in patients with coronary disease or heart failure during the performance of resistance exercise, with no apparent detriment to ventricular function or exacerbated increase in exercise blood pressure. Additionally, resting blood pressure also seems to be influenced by chronic resistance training, with a slight reduction in both systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). The measurement of pressure levels after a single resistance exercise session shows the occurrence of post-exercise hypotension in normal and hypertensive individuals; however, there is controversy as to the intensity of the effort necessary to induce this effect. Recently, intervention studies have investigated resistance exercise effects on vascular variables as arterial compliance and endothelial function. Despite the small number of experiments available, evidence has shown a potential influence of resistance training on the reduction of arterial compliance. On the other hand, peripheral blood flow is increased after resistance training, whereas the endothelial function seems to be improved especially after combined aerobic and resistance training. Additional research is necessary for an analysis of the efficacy of this intervention on validated outcomes, and for a greater understanding of the physiological mechanisms responsible for vascular adaptations.

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Artigo Original

Efficacy of lifestyle change psychological intervention in coronary risk reduction

Rita Pugliese et al. Maria Tereza Zanella Sérgio Luís Blay Frida Plavinik … Marco Antonio Andrade Roberto Galvão

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of a program of lifestyle change through psychological intervention, combined with pharmacological therapy, for coronary risk reduction in uncontrolled hypertensive patients with overweight and dyslipidemia over 11 months of follow-up. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial with 74 patients assigned to three different treatment programs. One group (CT) only received conventional pharmacological treatment. Another group (OG) received pharmacological treatment and participated in a guidance program to control cardiovascular risk factors. A third group (LSPI) received pharmacological treatment and participated in a brief psychological intervention program for reduction of estresse levels and changing of eating behavior. The main measure was the Framingham risk index. RESULTS: CT patients presented an average reduction of 18% (p = 0.001) in coronary risk; OG patients elevated the risk by 0.8% (NS) and the LSPI group showed an average reduction of 27% on the Framingham risk index (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Pharmacological treatment combined with psychological intervention for reduction of estresse level and changing of eating behavior resulted in additional benefits in coronary risk reduction.

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Correlação Clínico-Radiográfica

Case 5/2007: a five-year-old child with atrial septal defect

Edmar Atik

CLINICORADIOLOGICAL SESSION

Case 5/2007 a five-year-old child with atrial septal defect

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Carta ao Editor

Clinical and economical outcome of a cardiopulmonary and metabolic rehabilitation program

LETTER TO THE EDITOR

Clinical and economical outcome of a cardiopulmonary and metabolic rehabilitation program

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Case Report

Transient left ventricular dysfunction due to stress-induced cardiomyopathy

Marcus Vinicius Simões et al. José Antonio Marin-Neto Minna Moreira Dias Romano João Lucas O’Connell … Giovani Luis de Santi Benedito Carlos Maciel

The case presented here is of a 71-yr-old female patient who met the diagnostic criteria for stress-induced cardiomyopathy, which was triggered by intense emotional stress after being hit by a bicycle. The clinical picture mimicked that of an acute myocardial infarction, manifesting as precordial pain, ST-segment depression followed by deep negative T waves and prolonging of the QT interval, slight increase in cardiac enzymes and coursing with transient apical ballooning of the left ventricle and hyperkinesis of the basal walls (conferring the aspect of “apical ballooning”), although in the absence of subepicardial coronary obstruction. Ventricular function normalized after the second week of clinical evolution.

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Artigo Original

Quality of life of hypertensive patients treated at an outpatient clinic

Margaret Assad Cavalcante et al. Maria Teresa Nogueira Bombig Braulio Luna Filho Antonio Carlos de Camargo Carvalho … Angelo A. V. de Paola Rui Póvoa

BACKGROUND: The main cause of mortality in braziliam population is the cardiovascular disease and arterial hypertension (AH) the most prevalent one. The antihypertensive treatment is effective however it is not well known how affects the quality of life (QOL) in patients afterwards. OBJECTIVE: To comparatively assess the QOL in patients submitted to an antihypertensive treatment. METHODS: One-hundred patients with AH were studied of which 46 had complied with a standard treatment regimen (group A) and 54 (group B control) were about to start the same regimen. We collected clinical and sociodemographic data and questions focusing sexuality, self-perception of QOL, number and types of medication taken and their influence on sex life. The questionnaire SF-36 was also administered. The data were analyzed using the tests chi-square, Student’s t, Pearson correlation and Tukey. RESULTS: No differences were detected between group A and B in any of the SF-36 domains. There was an association between the question on self-perception of QOL and the SF-36 domains, emotional aspects excepted. As regards sexuality, there was difference in the quality of sex life between the groups, which was less satisfactory for group A. CONCLUSION: When the SF-36 was administered no changes in QOL were detected between the groups because it is an asymptomatic chronic disease. The SF-36 did not properly assess emotional aspects in our case series of hypertensive patients that had high behavior variability. Group A showed lower quality sex life; however, this was not related to the number and type of medication used.

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