Eating – ABC CARDIOL

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Original Article

Dietary Adequacy of Individuals with Cardiovascular Disease According to Clinical Guidelines in the Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional (BALANCE)

Luciana Brito et al. Viviane Sahade Aline Marcadenti Camila Ragne Torreglosa … Bernardete Weber Ângela Cristine Bersch-Ferreira Isa Galvão Rodrigues Antônio Carlos Sobral Sousa Adriana Barros Gomes Josilene Maria Ferreira Pinheiro Sandra Mary Lima Vasconcelos Daniele Maria de Oliveira Carlos José Albuquerque de Figueiredo Neto Clenise de Farias Dantas Carla Daltro

Abstract

Background

Achieving nutritional goals established by scientific societies is a constant challenge and not always achieved.

Objective

To investigate the dietary adequacy of individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD), participants in the Cardioprotective Brazilian Food Program residing in the Northeast region of Brazil, according to the recommendations of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology (SBC).

Methods

Cross-sectional analysis with data from the study implementing the Brazilian Cardioprotective Diet (DICA BR), which evaluated individuals with CVD treated in specialized cardiovascular health centers in eight states in the Northeast region. Food consumption was obtained by 24-hour dietary records and dietary adequacy followed SBC recommendations. Values of p < 0.05 were considered significant.

Results

647 patients were studied, with a mean (standard deviation) age of 63.1 (9.4) years, 50.2% of whom were female. When evaluating food intake, a low adequacy of carbohydrates (52.3%), proteins (70.9%), lipids (38.8%), and fiber (22.4%) was observed. It was observed that the majority of women consumed a low-protein diet (59.2%) and the elderly had a greater inadequacy in carbohydrate consumption (52.6%). Regarding sodium intake, men had a higher intake (72.9%), while the elderly showed a 13% reduction. Furthermore, it was shown that men ate more fiber (28.1%) and individuals with higher education had a high consumption of saturated fatty acids (70.5%).

Conclusions

Most individuals did not achieve the recommended dietary therapy goals for secondary cardiovascular prevention. The findings of the present study reinforce the need to implement structured strategies to encourage healthy eating habits in these individuals.

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Editorial

Fatty Acids Intake in Cardiovascular Prevention: The Incessant Search for Adequacy

Elisa Maia dos Santos et al. Grazielle Vilas Bôas Huguenin

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are currently the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Several risk factors contribute to its development and among the modifiable ones, the main ones are related to lifestyle behaviors, such as smoking, physical activity, and diet. In individuals undergoing secondary cardiovascular prevention, promoting a healthy lifestyle is a strategy for reducing the recurrence of events.^– However, gaps in adherence to a healthy lifestyle in secondary prevention may be related to the low integration between behavior change and traditional models of outpatient care.

Nutrition plays a central role in the primary and secondary prevention of CVD, but relatively recently, food has been considered as a treatment, and not just as a complement to established medical and pharmacological therapy. Diet, in particular, has a significant impact on the management of the main modifiable risk factors for CVD such as obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension.

[…]

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IJCS

Original Article

Food Consumption and Health Outcomes in Women During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Mariana Barbosa Lopes et al. Luciana Nicolau Aranha Lara Ribeiro Pinto Paula Critina Moreira dos Santos Lino … Ronir Raggio Luiz Gláucia Maria Moraes de Oliveira Glorimar Rosa

Abstract

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed food consumption.

Objective

Evaluate the association between metabolic phenotypes, changes in food consumption during the pandemic, and health outcomes in obese women.

Methods

Cross-sectional observational study including 491 women without previous diagnosis of chronic diseases, evaluated according to metabolic phenotype. During the pandemic, a subsample was re-evaluated by online questionnaires via Google Forms. Analyzed anthropometric, biochemical, and dietary data as well as health outcomes (coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia or death). Information on mortality was collected from the Internal Affairs Office of the State of Rio de Janeiro and the Health Department of the State of Rio de Janeiro. Statistical analysis was performed using the statistical program SPSS 21, with Mann-Whitney test, Pearson’s chi-squared, Spearman correlation, and binary logistic regression, at a significance level of 5%.

Results

The anthropometric, glucose, and lipid profiles showed significant differences between the metabolically healthy and metabolically unhealthy groups (p = 0.00). Before the pandemic, women in the metabolically unhealthy group had higher dietary intakes of lipids (p = 0.01), saturated fat (p = 0.01) and sodium (p = 0.04), during the pandemic, they consumed more energy (p = 0.04), lipids (p = 0.02), saturated fat (p = 0.02), proteins (p = 0.03) and sodium from ultra-processed foods (p = 0.03). Consequently, health outcomes were more prevalent in the metabolically unhealthy group (p = 0.00).

Conclusion

Observed that metabolically healthy women had qualitatively better food intake and fewer health outcomes throughout the study.

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IJCS

Original Article

Diet Quality and Associated Factors in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Patients with and without Diabetes at a Specialized Outpatient Clinic in the City of Pelotas, Brazil

Fernanda Vighi Dobke et al. Aline Longo Bruna Luiza Paulina Ribas Bernardete Weber … Eduardo Gehling Bertoldi Lúcia Rota Borges Renata Torres Abib Bertacco

Abstract

Background

In most cases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) is preventable through primary prevention and control of traditional risk factors, such as smoking cessation, regular physical activity, and adherence to healthy dietary patterns. The assessment of diet quality of ACVD patients would be important for a dietary intervention.

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate diet quality of ACVD patients and its association with clinical conditions.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was nested within a randomized clinical trial entitled “Programa Alimentar Cardioprotetor Brasileiro.” Baseline data of 80 patients from Pelotas, Brazil, were obtained. Food consumption was assessed using 24-h food recall and the Revised Diet Quality Index (IQD-R). Data on smoking status and comorbidities were reported by the patients during medical history taking. To analyze the associations between IQD-R and clinical variables, unpaired Student’s t-test or the analysis of variance was performed. The significance level was 5%.

Results

Most of the sample consisted of men (66.5%), elderly individuals (52.50%), patients with hypertension (78.75%), dyslipidemia (58.75%), and overweight (73.75%). The average IQD-R score was 56.7 ± 12.6 points. Better quality of diet was observed for patients with diabetes compared to those without diabetes (61.1 ± 11.8 versus 54.0 ± 12.6 points; p=0.014).

Conclusion

There is a need to improve diet quality of ACVD patients. Patients ACVD and diabetes had better diet quality compared to those without diabetes.

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Original Article

Eating Behavior of Older Adults with and Without Diabetes: The Vigitel Survey, Brazil, 2016

Daniela de Assumpção et al. Ana Maria Pita Ruiz Flavia Silva Arbex Borim Anita Liberalesso Neri … Deborah Carvalho Malta Priscila Maria Stolses Bergamo Francisco

Abstract

Background

A healthy diet is a protection factor against type 2 diabetes and plays an important role in the treatment of the disease, as well as associated comorbidities.

Objective

Characterize the eating habits of older adults (≥ 65 years) with and without diabetes residing in capital cities and the Federal District of Brazil.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the Surveillance of Risk and Protection Factors for Chronic Diseases Through a Telephone Survey (Vigitel, 2016). The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was estimated according to sociodemographic variables, physical inactivity level, self-rated health status and body mass index. Dietary habits were assessed based on the frequency (weekly and daily) of consumption of healthy and unhealthy foods and the replacement of food by snacks. Differences were determined using Pearson’s chi-square test (Rao-Scott), with the significance level set at 5%.

Results

A total of 13,649 older adults were interviewed. The prevalence of self-reported diabetes was 27.2% (95% CI: 25.5; 29.0). Compared to non-diabetics, diabetic individuals had a higher consumption of raw vegetables (32.1% vs. 26.5%/3-4 days/week) and lower consumption of chicken (3.8% vs. 6.4%/hardly ever/never), fruit juice (24.0% vs. 29.6%) and sweets (6.8% vs. 16.2%) ≥ 5 days/week. Compared to non-diabetics, diabetic individuals consumed more skim milk (51.5% vs. 44.6%) and diet soda (60.0% vs. 17.3%) ≥ 5 days/week, raw vegetables (9.1% vs. 2.5%/at dinner) and sweets (37.7% vs. 20.5%/twice/day) 3-4 days/week.

Conclusion

The observed differences emphasize the need for healthy eating interventions for all older adults, as well as specific counseling for those with diabetes.

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Artigo Original

Assessment of food intake in infants between 0 and 24 months with congenital heart disease

Tais Cleto Lopes Vieira et al. Marlene Trigo Rosiris Roco Alonso Regina Helena Cunha Ribeiro … Maria Regina Alves Cardoso Antonio Carlos Alves Cardoso Maria Aparecida Alves Cardoso

BACKGROUND: Children with congenital heart disease are usually malnourished and present some degree of functional and/or structural impairment of organs. There is also deficiency in nutrient intake, due to the control of fluids required by some patients which restrains the nutrient intake of some cardiac children. OBJECTIVE: To assess the food intake of children with congenital heart disease hospitalized in the pediatric heart unit of a “Public Teaching Hospital”. METHODS: The intake of food and nutrients was calculated based on the food consumed during three days (direct weighting method) and the calories and nutrients were calculated using the Virtual Nutri software. RESULTS: The intake of calories per kilogram of body weight, of daily proteins, sodium and vitamin A was within the recommended levels (p < 0.05). However, the intake of daily calories, fats, fiber, potassium and iron was below the recommended levels (p < 0.05) and the intake of proteins per kilogram, carbohydrates, calcium and vitamin C was above the recommended levels (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Children with congenital cardiopathy have inadequate diets, and therefore, need nutritional guidance to foster adequate dietary intake and the resulting improvement in growth and weight and height development, guaranteeing better quality of life to the patients.

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