Exercises – ABC CARDIOL

ABC

Original Article

High-Fat Diet and Heart: What is the Real Impact of Resistance Exercise Training?

André Rodrigues Lourenço Dias et al. Andrey Jorge Serra

Long-term consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) causes macrophage infiltration in the myocardium, which begins to secrete cytokines involved in cardiac inflammation. In this regard, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) plays a key role. Elevated levels of IL-1β trigger mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The burst of ROS in the myocardium contributes to the development of diastolic dysfunction and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in an experimental HFD model.

A current systematic review by Portes et al. has shown that resistance training (RT) can mitigate a variety of harmful effects of HFD on the heart. The article by Portes et al. reviewed original articles carried out in HFD rodents subjected to an RT program of at least four weeks comparing non-trained animals. Five studies were considered eligible, and ladder climbing with external load was the RT method applied.^– Another three studies have found a reduction in body mass in animals subjected to RT,^,, indicating that one pathway through which RT may promote cardioprotection may be reducing HFD. However, none of these studies reported food intake.^,, A single study by Kim et al. assessed weekly food intake in middle-aged rats, who demonstrated that RT could upregulate proteins linked to mitochondrial biogenesis and reduce markers of sarcoplasmic reticulum stress without affecting HFD intake and body mass.

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Editorial

Post-COVID Dysautonomias: The Importance of Early Recognition and Implementation of Recovery Programs

Denise Hachul et al. Tatiana Almeida Mauricio Scanavacca

The international scientific community has devoted all its efforts over the last three years to a better understanding and treatment of the SARS-COV-2 infection, which initially seemed to be limited to a severe acute respiratory syndrome. However, as time goes by, we are faced with a growing number of patients with multisystemic, persistent, intermittent, or late symptoms, which generate significant psycho-functional impairment of those affected and reveal to us the chronic and unpredictable nature of the disease.

The recognized Post-COVID Syndrome courses with a significant number of complaints described in case reports, population studies, and meta-analyses. Myocarditis, myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, arrhythmias, genitourinary, gastrointestinal, endocrinological, central, and peripheral neurological disorders of varying severities have been described in the subacute and chronic phases after contact with the virus.^–

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ABC

Original Article

Body Surface Potential Mapping during Ventricular Depolarization in Rats after Acute Exhaustive Exercise

Alexey G. Ivonin et al. Svetlana L. Smirnova Irina M. Roshchevskaya

Abstract

Background

Exhaustive physical exercise can cause substantial changes in the electrical properties of the myocardium.

Objective

To evaluate, using body surface potential mapping, the electrical activity of the heart in rats during ventricular depolarization after acute exhaustive exercise.

Methods

Twelve-week-old male rats were submitted to acute treadmill exercise at 36 m/min until exhaustion. Unipolar electrocardiograms (ECGs) from the torso surface were recorded in zoletil-anesthetized rats three to five days before (Pre-Ex), 5 and 10 minutes after exhaustive exercise (Post-Ex 5 and Post-Ex 10, respectively) simultaneously with ECGs in limb leads. The instantaneous body surface potential maps (BSPMs) were analyzed during ventricular depolarization. P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results

Compared with Pre-Ex, an early completion of the second inversion of potential distributions, an early completion of ventricular depolarization, as well as a decrease in the duration of the middle phase and the total duration of ventricular depolarization on BSPMs were revealed at Post-Ex 5. Also, compared with Pre-Ex, an increase in the amplitude of negative BSPM extremum at the R-wave peak on the ECG in lead II (R_II-peak) and a decrease in the amplitude of negative BSPM extremum at 3 and 4 ms after R_II-peak were showed at Post-Ex 5. At Post-Ex 10, parameters of BSPMs did not differ from those at Pre-Ex.

Conclusion

In rats, acute exhaustive exercise causes reversible changes in the temporal and amplitude characteristics of BSPMs during ventricular depolarization, most likely related to alterations in the excitation of the main mass of the ventricular myocardium.

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Viewpoint

Translational Medicine and Implementation Science: How to Transform What We Know Into What We Do

Protásio Lemos da Luz et al. Francisco Rafael Martins Laurindo

Basis of preventive medicine: a healthy lifestyle

When medical knowledge is to be applied to the general population, the concept of healthy lifestyle should be highlighted, especially in terms of preventive medicine.

Most cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction and death, are associated with risk factors such as dyslipidemia, smoking, hypertension and diabetes. Genetic factors are less representative. Another example is the Whitehall study, conducted with British civil servants, that showed that servants in lower grades of employments had a mortality rate three to four times higher than of those in the higher grades. The basis of preventive medicine is related to a healthy lifestyle, including a diet composed predominantly of fruit, vegetable and fish, and low intake of meat and carbohydrates. At least 150 minutes per week of aerobic and strength exercises are strongly recommended, including for protection of cognitive functions and Alzheimer prevention.

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IJCS

Viewpoint

Home Physical Activity Programs for Children and Adolescents as a Healthy Strategy During Social Isolation Caused by COVID-19: viewpoint

Rafaela Catherine da Silva Cunha de Medeiros et al. Isis Kelly dos Santos Jason Azevedo de Medeiros Ricardo Ney Cobucci … Tatiane Andreza Lima da Silva Juliany de Souza Araujo Phelipe Wilde de Alcântara Varela Breno Guilherme de Araújo Tinoco Cabral Paulo Moreira Silva Dantas

Background

The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is considered a global health emergency. The global impact of this viral infection is of great concern to everyone. As the COVID-19 outbreak continues to appear unstoppable, preventive and hygiene measures have been implemented to safeguard against infection. Among these precautions, social isolation is considered to have the greatest potential for reducing contagion, at least until a vaccine becomes available. This isolation measure works as a kind of “necessary evil” for preventing a wide-reaching disaster. Thus, social distancing and staying home remain the most effective restrictive measures to prevent the exponential increase in contagion.

One of the crucial focal points of this strategy was oriented toward the closure of schools, thus affecting thousands of children and adolescents, who comprise approximately half of the global student population. The closure of educational institutions could have a significant impact on their lives, requiring them to adapt to new routines. Considering that they are now being confined to their homes due to the new situation generated by the pandemic, this cohort may experience moments of stress.

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IJCS

Review Article

Sudden Cardiac Death in Sports: Why Its Prevalence is So Different by Gender?

Cléa Simone Sabino de Souza Colombo et al. Nabil Ghorayeb Thiago Ghorayeb Garcia Ricardo Contesini Francisco

Abstract

Sports competition can be a trigger to fatal arrhythmias in predisposed individuals, leading to sudden cardiac death. Athletes have 2.8 fold more risk of sudden cardiac death than non-athletes. However, female athletes seem to have some cardiac protection, dying suddenly much less than men during sports. Although the mechanisms for this protection have not been well established until now, hormonal, genetic and molecular factors may play a role in it. The so-called “fair sex” might harbour the key for sudden cardiac death prevention.

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High-Fat Diet and Heart: What is the Real Impact of Resistance Exercise Training?

Post-COVID Dysautonomias: The Importance of Early Recognition and Implementation of Recovery Programs

Body Surface Potential Mapping during Ventricular Depolarization in Rats after Acute Exhaustive Exercise

Abstract

Background

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Translational Medicine and Implementation Science: How to Transform What We Know Into What We Do

Basis of preventive medicine: a healthy lifestyle

Home Physical Activity Programs for Children and Adolescents as a Healthy Strategy During Social Isolation Caused by COVID-19: viewpoint

Background

Sudden Cardiac Death in Sports: Why Its Prevalence is So Different by Gender?

Abstract

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