2005;84(2) – ABC CARDIOL

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Artigo Original

Maximal functional capacity, ejection fraction, and functional class in Chagas cardiomyopathy: are these indices related?

Charles Mady et al. Vera Maria Cury Salemi Barbara Maria Ianni Felix José Alvarez Ramires Edmundo Arteaga

OBJECTIVE: Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and maximal functional capacity (VO2max) have both been shown to be related to a poor long-term survival in Chagas’ disease patients. The aim of this study was to estimate the potential association of VO2max, LVEF, and NYHA functional class in patients with Chagas’ disease cardiomyopathy. METHODS: One hundred four male patients, aged 40.3±9.0 years (range, 18 to 65), with a definite diagnosis of Chagas disease cardiomyopathy were studied. LVEF and VO2max were both classified into 3 degrees: LVEF <0.30, 0.30< LVEF 0.50 and VO2max <10, 10<VO2max 20 ml.kg-1.min-1, respectively. RESULTS: Thirty-one patients (29.8%) were in NYHA functional class II, 41 (39.4%) in functional class III, and 32 (30.8%) in functional class IV. The corresponding values of VO2max and LVEF for functional classes II, III, and IV were 21.5±4.0 ml.kg-1.min-1, 18.3±5.8 ml.kg-1.min-1, and 14.7±4.9 ml.kg-1.min-1 and 0.50±0.6, 0.35± 0.9, and 0.29±0.7, respectively. LVEF= <0.30 and VO2max = 0.50 as well as VO2max >20 ml.kg-1.min-1. CONCLUSION: A convincingly good association exists between NYHA functional class, functional capacity and LVEF in patients with Chagas’ disease cardiomyopathy. These data may be helpful in the management of heart failure in Chagas’ disease patients.

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Artigo Original

Subaortic stenosis associated with perimembranous ventricular septal defect: clinical follow-up of 36 patients

Maria da Gloria Cruvinel Horta et al. Carlos Alberto Franco Faria Dilermando Fazito Rezende Tereza Lucia Masci … Cathia Costa C. Rabelo Tamara Katina Marly de Oliveira Luciana Paulino Oliveira

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical pattern of subaortic stenosis associated with perimembranous ventricular septal defect. METHODS: From January 1979 to June 2000, 36 children with perimembranous ventricular septal defect and fixed subaortic stenosis were followed-up regarding anatomic characteristics, evolvement, and clinical events. RESULTS: Age at diagnosis of subaortic stenosis ranged from 6 months to 170 months, and it was less than 1 year in only 2 children. Regarding sex, the distribution was 2:1 with a greater predominance of males. Ventricular septal defect was small in 61.0% of cases, medium in 30.56%, and large in 8.40%; the size of the septal defect decreased during follow-up in 30.56% (11 cases). In all patients, subaortic stenosis was membranous and fixed. During follow-up, 23 patients experienced evolvement of the stenosis. Surgical treatment was performed in 21 cases, and one patient underwent surgery for restenosis. Infectious endocarditis occurred in 2 patients; one of the patients died. CONCLUSION: Subaortic stenosis occurs in the natural history of ventricular septal defect usually after the first year of life, and it is progressive and requires surgery in most cases.

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Editorial

Valvular index and valvular score: a new approach for the follow-up of the natural history of valvular heart disease

Max Grinberg et al. Guilherme Sobreira Spina

EDITORIAL

Valvular index and valvular score. A new approach for the follow-up of the natural history of valvular heart disease

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Artigo Original

Inflammatory, lipid, and metabolic profile in acute ischemic syndrome: correlation with hospital and posthospital events

Elizabeth da Rosa Duarte et al. Lucia Campos Pellanda Vera Lúcia Portal

OBJECTIVE: To associate the markers lipid profile, inflammatory profile (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein HSCRP and fibrinogen), and metabolic profile (glucose determination) with hospital and posthospital events in patients with acute ischemic syndrome (AIS) and to describe the predictors of mortality in this population. METHODS: A cohort study with 199 patients with AIS (unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with or without ST segment elevation) admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of a university cardiology Hospital, from March to November 2002. The previous diseases, the medication in use, and the coronary risk factors were recorded. The clinical events considered in the hospital were reinfarction, angina, heart failure (HF), ventricular fibrillation, and death; the posthospital events considered (30 days after hospital discharge) were reinfarction, angina, HF, death, and admittance for percutaneous procedures (PTCA) or for revascularization (MRS). RESULTS: HSCRP and altered glycemia were significantly associated with hospital events (P = 0.03 and P < 0.01, respectively); however, they were not associated with posthospital events (P = 0.19 and P = 0.61, respectively). Lipid profile and fibrinogen did not have a statistically significant association in any of the times assessed. Using multiple logistic regression, age (P = 0.04), previous AMI (P = 0.04), myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation (P = 0.008) or without ST segment elevation (P = 0.048), and altered glycemia (P = 0.002) were predictors of hospital mortality. CONCLUSION: Increased HSCRP and altered glycemia were associated with a greater number of hospital events, whereas age, previous AMI, AMI with or without ST segment elevation, and altered glycemia were predictors of hospital mortality.

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Case Report

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and the sinus venosus atrial septal defect association

Patrícia Lopes Moraes et al. Luíz Márcio Gerken Bayard Gontijo Filho Walter Villela de Andrade Vicente Paulo Roberto Barbosa Evora

The Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW) and sinus venosus atrial septal defect (ASD) association is very rare and not yet reported in the literature. It is the main basis for this case report.

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Case Report

Negative sestamibi-dipyridamole perfusion imaging in severe coronary artery disease in the preoperative period of correction of abdominal aortic aneurysm

Helio Halpern et al. Erika Miyoshi Antonio Eduardo P. Pesaro Carlos V. Serrano Jr Nelson Wolosker

We report the case of a 73-year-old male patient who was a candidate for correction of an abdominal aortic aneurysm without abnormalities in his first cardiological evaluation. The surgery was postponed because of the need for treatment of epididymitis. Two weeks later, the patient returned to the hospital with thoracic pain, when the angiography showed obstructions in 2 coronary arteries, which were successfully treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stent implantation. After 45 days, the patient underwent surgery for correction of the abdominal aortic aneurysm under peridural and general anesthesia. The patient evolved without complications.

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Case Report

Sildenafil improves right ventricular function in a cardiac transplant recipient

Rodrigo Pereira Paez et al. Wesley Ferreira Araujo Nelson Americo Hossne Jr Ana Lucia Neves … Guilherme Flora Vargas Luciano de Figueiredo Aguiar João Nelson Rodrigues Branco Roberto Catani Enio Buffolo

We report the case of a male patient who underwent orthotopic cardiac transplantation. A marginal donor was used, because the recipient’s clinical condition was critical. He experienced cardiogenic shock due to right ventricular dysfunction secondary to pulmonary hypertension associated with vasoplegia. After the introduction of sildenafil, the patient recovered hemodynamically, his pulmonary vascular resistance decreased, the vasoactive drugs were withdrawn, and his right ventricular function improved.

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Artigo Original

Major clinical characteristics of patients surviving 24 months or more after hospitalization due to decompensated heart failure

Mucio Tavares de Oliveira Jr et al. Manoel Fernandes Canesin Robson Tadeu Munhoz Carlos Henrique Del Carlo … Airton Scipioni José Antonio Franchini Ramires Antonio Carlos Pereira Barretto

OBJECTIVE: To study the major clinical characteristics of patients with heart failure who survived more than 24 months after hospitalization for compensation. METHODS: The study comprised 126 patients with heart failure in functional class III or IV, with a mean age of 51.7 years. Most patients were men (73%), had a mean ejection fraction (EF) of 0.36 and left ventricular diastolic diameter (DD) of 7.13 cm. The major clinical and laboratory characteristics were assessed, and, on follow-up, 25 (19.8%) patients, who survived more than 24 months after hospital discharge, were identified. Data of survivors (G1) were compared with those of patients who died (G2) before 24 months. RESULTS: In G1, the following levels were greater: serum sodium (138.3±3.4 vs 134.5±5.8 mEq/L; P=0.001); blood pressure levels (120.0 vs 96.7 mm Hg; P=0.003); and LVEF levels (0.40±0.08 vs 0.34±0.09; P=0.004); and the following levels were lower: urea (59.8 vs 76.3 mg/dL; P=0.007); prothrombin time (12.9 vs 14.8 seconds; P=0.001); LVDD (6.78±0.55 vs 7.22±0.91; P=0.003); and LA diameter (4.77 vs 4.99cm; P=0.0003). More survivors were found among patients with idiopathic cardiomyopathy and arterial hypertension than among patients with Chagas’ disease and coronary artery disease. In multivariate analysis, the following variables remained as independent predictors of mortality: LVDD > 7.8 cm (HR 1.95); Na 14 seconds (HR 1.69). CONCLUSION: The study allowed predicting which patients with heart failure will have a good survival after hospital discharge and those with a greater chance of a long survival after discharge.

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Artigo Original

Clinical characteristics associated with unfavorable outcomes in peripartum myocardiopathy

Caroline da Costa Moreira et al. Silméia Garcia Zanati Vera Therezinha Borges Medeiros Cláudia Guimarães … Elaine Farah Simões Beatriz Bojikian Matsubara

OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical characteristics of women with a previous diagnosis of peripartum myocardiopathy and to study the characteristics associated with unfavorable outcomes. METHODS: Clinical, obstetric, and echocardiographic variables were studied in 12 patients with peripartum myocardiopathy, assessed at diagnosis and at a current appointment, when they were divided into 2 groups: FG (n = 6, without cardiac alterations) and UG (n = 6, with cardiomegaly and persistent ventricular dysfunction). The comparisons were made using the Student t test and Fisher’s exact test (P < 0.05). RESULTS: At diagnosis, mean age of the patients (8 Caucasian and 4 black/non-Caucasian) was 24±7.4 years, all in Functional Class IV (NYHA) and 8 reporting gestational hypertension or preeclampsia. Mean follow-up time was 25 months. Ten patients developed Functional Class I/II. Comparison between the groups demonstrated that UG had lower left ventricular ejection fractions (0.30±0.05 vs. 0.58±0.09; P < 0.001) and greater LV systolic diameter (58±5mm vs. 46±3mm; P < 0.001) at diagnosis. An unfavorable outcome was more frequent among non-Caucasian women (P = 0.01). In the current evaluation, UG had lower relative wall thickness (0.13±0.02 vs. 0.17±0.02; P < 0.05) and greater LV mass (283±90g vs. 186±41g; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Patients with previous peripartum myocardiopathy had unfavorable outcomes associated with black race, and stronger initial cardiac alterations; a favorable outcome was associated with a reduction in myocardial mass and an increase in relative ventricular wall thickness.

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Case Report

Congenital ventricular diverticulum associated with ventricular tachycardia

Ranieli Pitol et al. Cristiano de Oliveira Cardoso Carlos Roberto Cardoso Marne de Freitas Gomes Paulo Schvartzman

Congenital ventricular diverticula are rare. Clinically, they may be asymptomatic or cause systemic embolization, heart failure, valvular regurgitation, ventricular rupture, ventricular arrhythmia, or sudden death. We report the case of a 56-year-old woman with sustained ventricular tachycardia, who, during investigation, was diagnosed with a diverticulum in the inferobasal portion of the left ventricle. The clinical characteristics and treatment of this rare disease are discussed.

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Artigo Original

Prevalence of coronary artery disease in type I diabetic candidates for double transplantation (kidney and pancreas)

Dinaldo C. Oliveira et al. Glauco Gusmão Filho Alysson Nakamoto Francival L. Souza … João Roberto de Sá José O. Medina Pestana Valter C. Lima

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in a population of type I diabetic, nephropathic patients in a dialysis program and candidates for double transplantation (kidney and pancreas). METHODS: From January 2000 to July 2002, 58 type I diabetic patients underwent coronary cineangiography as part of an assessment protocol for double transplantation. Coronary artery disease was defined as any irregularity in the coronary arteries and was classified according to the degree of luminal stenosis as mild ( 30 to 70%), and severe (> 70%). RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 34 ± 12 years, and 32 (55%) were men. No patient had a history of angina or acute myocardial infarction. The major risk factors for the disease were systemic arterial hypertension in 93% of the patients, dyslipidemia in 38%, familial history in 25%, and smoking in 20%. The mean duration of diabetes was 20.8 ± 9 years, and the duration of dialysis was 26 ± 9 months. Coronary angiography revealed coronary artery disease in 42 (72%) patients, which was mild in 20 (34%) patients, moderate in 9 (16%), and severe in 13 (22%). CONCLUSION: Patients with type I diabetes in a dialysis program and candidates for double transplantation had an elevated prevalence of coronary artery disease. It is worth noting that those patients had no symptoms of the disease.

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Artigo Original

Cardiovascular disease and risk factors in candidates for renal transplantation

Luís Henrique Wolff Gowdak et al. Flávio Jota de Paula Dante Marcelo Artigas Giorgi Marcelo Luís Campos Vieira … Eduardo Moacyr Krieger José Jayme Galvão De Lima

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and traditional risk factors in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing evaluation for inclusion on the renal transplantation list. METHODS: One hundred ninety-five patients with dialytic chronic renal failure underwent clinical evaluation and complementary tests and were compared with a group of 334 hypertensive patients paired for age. The Framingham equations were used for calculating the absolute risk (AR). The relative risk (RR) was calculated based on the absolute risk of the low-risk Framingham cohort. RESULTS: Thirty-seven percent of the patients had some sort of cardiovascular disease on the initial evaluation, peripheral vascular disease (23%) being the most prevalent. Patients with cardiovascular disease were excluded. Regarding traditional risk factors, a significant difference was observed in systolic blood pressure and total cholesterol (greater in the hypertensive group), and in the prevalence of men, diabetes, and smoking, which were greater in the chronic renal failure group. The latter had a greater degree of left ventricular hypertrophy, lower diastolic blood pressure, and a lower prevalence of familial history of cardiovascular disease and obesity. The relative risk for cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic renal failure was greater compared with that in the Framingham control population, but it did not differ from that observed in the group of hypertensive individuals. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of cardiovascular disease and traditional risk factors is high among candidates for renal transplantation; the Framingham equations do not adequately quantify the real cardiovascular risk, and other risk factors specific for that population should contribute for their greater cardiovascular risk.

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Artigo Original

Clinical and demographic characteristics of 99 episodes of rheumatic fever in Acre, the Brazilian Amazon

Fátima Borges et al. Maria Luiza A. Barbosa Renata Beyruth Borges Olívia C. Pinheiro … Carlos Cardoso Claudilson Bastos Roque Aras

OBJECTIVE: To report clinical manifestations and demographic characteristics of patients with rheumatic fever treated in a public hospital in the state of Acre. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted of patients consecutively seen in the Cardiology Ward at FUNDHACRE Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were assessed through a questionnaire. The diagnosis of rheumatic fever was made based on Jones’ criteria, associated with laboratory data, electrocardiography, chest X-ray, and bi-dimensional echocardiography. Patients with other heart diseases, diabetes, obesity, inflammatory disease, and infections were excluded. Those who smoked, were pregnant, or used anti-inflammatory medication or hormone therapy were also excluded. RESULTS: From July 2003 to February 2004, 99 patients with rheumatic fever were assessed (mean age, 11 years, SD= ± 10.18) with a predominance of females (59.6%), and a racial phenotype of a mixture of Caucasian and Indian (60.6%). Three individuals were excluded because they did not meet the diagnostic criteria. Mean age was 9.1 years old, and in 30.4% of the patients, the disease was diagnosed at the first episode of rheumatic fever. The most frequent clinical manifestations were carditis (69.7%), arthritis (21.4%), and chorea (6.1%). Mitral regurgitation was the most common lesion (36.4%) followed by the association of mitral regurgitation and aortic regurgitation (9.1%). CONCLUSION: Rheumatic carditis was the most common manifestation of rheumatic fever, predominant in the group with a racial mixture of Caucasian and Indian (60.6%). Low compliance with antibiotic therapy contributed to the recurrence of the disease and to cardiac sequelae.

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Artigo Original

Angiographic study of pulmonary circulation in tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia

Marco Aurélio Santos et al. Vitor Manuel Pereira Azevedo

OBJECTIVE: To identify the types of pulmonary vascular blood supply in tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia by use of hemodynamic study. METHODS: Fifty-six patients with tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary atresia, and ages ranging from 20 days to 4 years, underwent cineangiocardiographic study with contrast medium injections in the following vascular structures: 1) wedged pulmonary vein; 2) aortopulmonary collaterals; 3) thoracic aorta; and 4) ductus arteriosus or systemic-pulmonary shunt. RESULTS: In the 56 patients studied, pulmonary blood was supplied as follows: in 15, by aortopulmonary collaterals; in 36, only by the ductus arteriosus; and in 5, by the ductus arteriosus and aortopulmonary collaterals. The patients were classified into 6 types depending on the type of pulmonary vascular perfusion and the presence or absence of vascular structures that compose the pulmonary circulation in tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia. CONCLUSION: This type of approach enables the obtainment of information necessary for the correct clinicosurgical management of patients, due to the great complexity and extreme variability of the pulmonary blood supply in tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia.

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Case Report

Acute renal failure after intravenous use of immunoglobulin to treat myocarditis

Vitor Pordeus et al. Andréa Tostes Cláudio Tinoco Mesquita Charles Mady Evandro Tinoco Mesquita

The patient is a 60-year-old female with functional class III/IV (NYHA) heart failure of an immunomediated etiology (autoimmune myocarditis). After unsuccessful therapeutic attempts, intravenous immunoglobulin was used, leading to deterioration in renal function, a rare complication of that therapy. After hemodialysis, the patient’s renal function was restored, and the chronic heart failure improved to functional class I.

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Artigo Original

Profile of pediatric outpatient in cardiology clinics in the city of Ribeirão Preto

Fernando Amaral et al. João A. Granzotti Bruno G. Dantas Diogo C. Balestra

OBJECTIVE: To verify the pediatric cardiology outpatient clinic characteristics in Ribeirão Preto (RP) city, emphasizing reasons for referral, definitive diagnosis and outcome through analysis of patients seen in 3 distinct settings. METHODS: In 1996, 1,365 consecutive patients, aged 1 month to 14 years were seen: G1 (n = 562), public pediatric cardiology outpatient clinic; G2 (n = 420), private practice; G3 (n = 383) pediatric cardiology outpatient clinic at Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto. Origin of the patients: G1: RP (78%) and region (22%); G2: RP (67%), region (25%), and other regions/states (8%); G3: RP (26%), region (43.5%), and other regions/states (30.5%). RESULTS: Reasons for referral: G1: murmur (71%), arrhythmia (8%), chest pain (7%), breathlessness (6.5%), other reasons (7.5%). G2: murmur (70%), chest pain (7%), arrhythmia (7%), breathlessness (4%), postoperative follow-up (4%), other reasons (8%). G3: murmur (56%), postoperative follow-up (24%), arrhythmia (4%), other reasons (16%). Patients lost to follow-up: G1: 31%, G2: 17%, G3: 3%. Final diagnosis: G1: 346 (89%) normal and 43 (11%) abnormal patients; G2: 268 (76%) normal and 82 (24%) abnormal patients; G3: 22 (6%) normal and 351 (94%) abnormal patients. Outcome: G1: discharge (89%), follow-up (11%); G2: discharge (76%), follow-up (24%); G3: discharge (6%), follow-up (94%). CONCLUSION: Clinical profile is different among the 3 groups (G1 and G2 are similar). Intervention in the Basic Health Units seems to be necessary to verify structural facilities and to offer basic pediatric cardiology training to pediatricians. It is important to verify the high index of patients lost to follow-up, particularly in G1. Structural and human resources are needed if adequate assistance is to be expected for the highly complex cases seen in G3. The pediatric cardiology public outpatient clinic should be maintained until resolution of cases by the pediatricians in the Basic Health Units improves.

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Artigo Original

Measurement of human brain natriuretic peptide in patients with Chagas' disease

Railton Bezerra de Melo et al. Giordano Bruno de Oliveira Parente Edgar Guimarães Victor

OBJECTIVE: To measure the serum levels of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in patients with chronic chagasic heart disease and in individuals with positive serology for Chagas’ disease and no heart impairment, and to correlate the serum BNP levels with the degree of cardiac impairment, cardiac dimensions, presence of a pacemaker, and ejection fraction. METHODS: Serum BNP concentrations were determined by use of the Triage – BNP Test produced by BIOSITE. Serum BNP was assessed in 25 patients from the Chagas’ disease outpatient clinic of the Hospital Universitário Oswaldo Cruz, who were divided into 2 groups as follows: 1) G1 – comprising 13 assymptomatic patients with positive serology for Chagas’ disease and no heart disease detectable on electrocardiography, chest X-ray, and echocardiography; and 2) G2 – comprising 12 patients with Chagas’ disease and heart impairment. RESULTS: Significantly more elevated BNP levels were detected in the chagasic patients with cardiac impairment: (G1=4.4 ±4.4 pg/ml, G2=293.0±460.2 pg/ml); (P<0.01). In the 2 groups, the serum levels of BNP correlated neither with age nor with sex. The levels were directly proportional to functional class and cardiac area on chest X-ray. Although a trend towards an increment in systolic function impairment was observed, no linear correlation with the ejection fraction on echocardiography occurred. The presence of definitive pacemaker and electrocardiographic alterations did not change the serum BNP levels. CONCLUSION: Asymptomatic individuals with a positive serology for Chagas' disease and no evidence of ventricular dysfunction have serum BNP levels similar to those of the general population.

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Artigo Original

The early administration of growth hormone results in deleterious effects on ventricular remodeling after acute myocardial infarction

José G. Mill et al. Leonardo A. M. Zornoff Marina P. Okoshi Katashi Okoshi … Carlos R. Padovani Mário Sugisaki Cláudia M. Leite Antônio C. Cicogna

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of growth hormone (GH) on myocardial remodeling in infarcted rats. METHODS: This study comprised 24 Wistar rats divided into 3 groups as follows: 1) AMI-GH group – comprising 8 rats that underwent infarction and were treated with GH; 2) AMI group – comprising 8 rats that underwent infarction and received only the diluent of the GH solution; and 3) control group (C group) – comprising 8 rats that underwent simulated infarction. After 30 days, the animals underwent functional study through echocardiography, and the changes in myocardial contractility of the isolated left ventricular (LV) papillary muscle were studied. RESULTS:The echocardiography identified an increase in the diastolic (C=7.32±0.49; AMI=8.50±0.73; AMI-GH=9.34±0.73; P<0.05) and systolic (C=3.38±0.47, AMI=5.16±1.24; AMI-GH=5.96±1.54; P<0.05) diameters (mm) in the LV of the infarcted animals. The AMI-GH group animals had a lower ejection fraction (%) (C=0.9±0.03; AMI=0.76±0.12; AMI-GH= 0.72± 0.14; P<0.05 for C vs AMI-GH) compared with those in controls. The study of the isolated left ventricular papillary muscle showed that the AMI-GH group had changes (C= 1.50±0.59; AMI= 1.28±0.38; AMI-GH=1.98±0.41; P<0.05 for C vs AMI-GH) only in the tension at rest (TR – g/mm²) and in the time delta for a 50% decrease in the tension developed (TR50, ms) after stimulation with calcium (C=23.75±9.16; AMI=-16.56±14.82; AMI-GH=-4.69±8.39; P<0.05 for C vs AMI-GH) and in the delta of tension developed (TD, g/mm²) after stimulation with isoproterenol (C=0.99±0.17; AMI=0.54±0.62; AMI-GH=0.08±0.75; P<0.05 for C vs AMI-GH) compared with those in control animals. CONCLUSION: The early administration of GH in the experimental infarction model in rats may result in adverse effects on the process of ventricular remodeling.

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Case Report

Ablation of idiopathic ventricular tachycardia with left bundle-branch block morphology located in the pulmonary trunk

Luiz Roberto Leite et al. José R. Barreto Roberval Melo Edmur C. Araujo … Luciano Nogueira Lucas A. Fonseca Edson D'Ávila César Gonzáles Fernando Cruz Angelo A. V. de Paola

We report the case of a 26-year-old female patient with palpitations and presyncopes due to nonsustained ventricular tachycardia, who had no structural heart disease. The patient underwent electrophysiological study in an attempt to ablate the arrhythmogenic focus, whose location was determined by using mapping criteria. Because mapping of the right ventricular outflow tract was not successful, the catheter was placed inside the pulmonary artery with satisfactory mapping of the arrhythmogenic focus, and tachycardia was eliminated as soon as radiofrequency was initiated. The patient has remained asymptomatic for 14 months, with no treatment with antiarrhythmic drugs, and no arrhythmias on serial 24-hour Holter.

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Case Report

Positive troponin T in a chagasic patient with sustained ventricular tachycardia and no obstructive lesions on cine coronary angiography

Maurício de Nassau Machado et al. Fábio Augusto Suzuki Osana Costa C. Mouco Mauro Esteves Hernandes … Maria Angélica B.T. Lemos Lilia Nigro Maia

The assessment and stratification of patients with chest pain in the emergency unit may indicate the appropriate therapy for each patient based on the probability of the presence of acute coronary artery disease and on the risk of its major cardiac events. That assessment is based on the triplet: clinical setting, electrocardiographic findings, and markers of myocardial lesion. We report the case of a 58-year-old male chagasic patient admitted to the emergency unit due to chest pain and palpitations, with an electrocardiogram showing sustained ventricular tachycardia and positive troponin measurement (0.99 ng/mL). The patient underwent cine coronary angiography, which evidenced no obstructive coronary artery disease.

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