Hipertension – ABC CARDIOL

ABC

Research Letter

Hypertension in Pregnancy: From Guidelines to the Cardiologist's Clinical Practice

Introduction

The Brazilian Guidelines of Hypertension– 2025 of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology objectively address hypertension during pregnancy, dedicating a specific chapter to the topic. The document covers diagnostic definitions, strategies for the prediction and prevention of preeclampsia, therapeutic management during pregnancy and the postpartum period as well as the assessment of future cardiovascular risk associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs).

In the international setting, the 2025 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Guidelines for the Management of Cardiovascular Disease During Pregnancy provide detailed algorithms for proteinuria assessment, emergency management, and the treatment of hypertension and preeclampsia. Their recommendations are based predominantly on expert consensus, reflecting the scarcity of randomized clinical trials in this field.

[…]

Read Full Article

ABC

Editorial

Influence of the Immune System on Cardiovascular Disease

Mariana Gatto et al. Gustavo Augusto Ferreira Mota Marina Politi Okoshi

The immune system reacts to stimuli such as foreign molecules and tissue damage. Inflammation is an innate physiological response of the organism to tissue injuries triggered by physical, chemical, and biological agents such as infection, trauma, toxin, and tissue necrosis. Once started, the process only ends with the elimination or neutralization of the aggressor agent and the regeneration of the damaged tissue.

The inflammatory process results from complex reactions triggered by molecular and biochemical events involving immune cells, connective tissue cells, inflammatory molecules, and blood vessels.^, In acute inflammation, resident cells and immune cells present in the injured tissue release histamines, chemokines, interleukins (IL), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) that increase vascular permeability allowing tissue infiltration of fluids and immune cells such as monocytes and neutrophils. Consequently, pathogens, necrotic cells, and cellular debris are eliminated. Finally, inflammatory pathways are inhibited with tissue repair or replacement by fibrosis.

[…]

Read Full Article

ABC

Original Article

Hypertensive Measures In Schoolchildren: Risk Of Central Obesity And Protective Effect Of Moderate-To-Vigorous Physical Activity

Tatiana Affornali Tozo et al. Beatriz Oliveira Pereira Francisco José de Menezes Junior Cristianne Morgado Montenegro … Carla Marisa Maia Moreira Neiva Leite

Abstract

Background

The proportion of arterial hypertension (AH) has increased in children and adolescents and is associated with several comorbidities.

Objective

To verify the association of arterial hypertension with central and general obesity as well as according to the level of physical activity in schoolchildren.

Methods

336 children and adolescents aged 11 to 17 participated in the study. Height, body weight, waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure (BP) were measured. The body mass index z-score (BMI-z) was calculated. The level of physical activity was assessed by the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) according to the practice of moderate-to-vigorous physical activities (AF-mv). Students with systolic (SBP) and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) higher than the 95^thpercentile according to sex, age and height or ≥120/80 were considered hypertensive. Statistical tests of t-Student, Chi-square, Mann-Whitney and binary logistic regression model were used, considering the significance level of p<0.05.

Results

It was found that 40.5% of the students had AH, 35.11% were overweight (12.5% obese), 13.39% had high WC and 40.2% were considered insufficiently active in AF-mv. The chances of AH were related to high WC (OR = 6.11; 95% CI: 2.59¬–14.42) and overweight (OR = 2.91; 95% CI: 1.76–4.79). In addition, adolescents who practiced AF-mv had a lower risk of high DBP (OR = 0.33; 95% CI: 0.15–0.72).

Conclusion

Central obesity was the best predictor of AH in children and adolescents, as well as general obesity and males. The practice of AF-mv demonstrated a protective effect on high DBP in schoolchildren. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(1):42-49)

Read Full Article

ABC

Artigo Original

Association between hyertension and overweight in adults in Belém, state of Pará (Brazil), 2005

Hilma Paixão Borges et al. Nilma do Carmo Cruz Erly Catarina Moura

BACKGROUND: Hypertension is a major public health issue affecting 20 to 25% of the global population of adults, and 12 to 35 % of Brazilians. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between hypertension and overweight. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2005 with a probabilistic sampling of the population >18 years of age in Belém, capital of the state of Pará, in the Northern region of Brazil, using the telephone surveillance system for chronic diseases (SIMTEL). The dependent variable was hypertension, the explanatory variable was overweight and the confounding variables were age, level of education and lifestyle characteristics. The variables associated with hypertension were run through the regression logistic model and odds ratios were calculated for each variable. RESULTS: Hypertension affected 16.2% of men and 18.3% of women, and overweight affected 49.2% of men and 34.1% of women. The prevalence of hypertension was directly associated with age and overweight in both genders. Among men, hypertension was associated with intake of vegetables and low intake of beans (similar to kidney- and pinto-type beans); as for women, hypertension was associated with marital status (widow or separated), and inversely to education level. The risk of hypertension increased directly with weight for both genders (p<0.001), and it was 6.33 times higher among obese men and 3.33 among obese women as compared to normal-weight subjects. CONCLUSION: Overweight was associated with hypertension. However, variables such as age, education, and food consumption interfere in this relationship, creating circumstances favorable to reducing or increasing that risk.

Read Full Article

ABC

Artigo Original

Prevalence and sociodemographic factors in a hypertensive population in São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil

Claudia B. Cesarino et al. José Paulo Cipullo José Fernando Vilela Martin Luiz Alberto Ciorlia … Maria Regina P. de Godoy José Antonio Cordeiro Isabela C. Rodrigues

BACKGROUND: Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is one of the greatest problems of public health in Brazil. Its detection and early treatment should be a priority to reduce the morbimortality of the cardiovascular diseases. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at assessing the prevalence of SAH and the sociodemographic factors in a population of hypertensive individuals from São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in a stratified sample of 1,717 people, representative of the urban adult population from the city of São José do Rio Preto, between 2004 and 2005. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 1,717 people, with 762 of them (25.2%) being characterized as hypertensive. The following results were observed: 54.6% were women; 78.4% were caucasian; 66.1% were illiterate or had not finished Elementary School; 63.9% were married, 40.9% belonged to social classes D and E; 37.9% were self-employed or wage earners. CONCLUSION: The results of study on SAH in the city of São José do Rio Preto shows the need for early-onset continuous educational interventions.

Read Full Article

ABC

Artigo Original

Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in adults living in Luzerna, Santa Catarina, in 2006

João Rogério Nunes Filho et al. Daniela Debastiani Alessandra Daros Nunes Karen Glazer Peres

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in the adult population of Luzerna, in the state of Santa Catarina. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with adults of both genders aged 20 to 59 years (n = 411). The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, increased waist circumference, and smoking was estimated. Study variables were checked for frequency distribution, and a chi-square test for association was performed. RESULTS: The response rate was 85.9%. The following prevalences were found: hypertension: 14.7%; diabetes: 2.3%; dyslipidemia: 18.7%; obesity: 15.6%; increased waist circumference: 24.1%; and smoking: 15.6%. A total of 52.4% of the subjects had none of the risk factors; 22.4% had one risk factor, and 13.6%, 6.8%, and 4.9% had two, three, and four or more associated risk factors, respectively. CONCLUSION: The study sample showed low prevalence of hypertension and diabetes and less clustering of risk factors in the same individual, as compared with other data reported in the literature.

Read Full Article

Hypertension in Pregnancy: From Guidelines to the Cardiologist's Clinical Practice

Introduction

Influence of the Immune System on Cardiovascular Disease

Hypertensive Measures In Schoolchildren: Risk Of Central Obesity And Protective Effect Of Moderate-To-Vigorous Physical Activity

Abstract

Background

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Association between hyertension and overweight in adults in Belém, state of Pará (Brazil), 2005

Prevalence and sociodemographic factors in a hypertensive population in São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil

Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in adults living in Luzerna, Santa Catarina, in 2006

Electronic Document Format (Vancouver)

Electronic Document Format (ABNT)

Electronic Document Format (APA)

Electronic Document Format (ISO)

Electronic Document Format (Vancouver)

Electronic Document Format (ABNT)

Electronic Document Format (APA)

Electronic Document Format (ISO)

Electronic Document Format (Vancouver)

Electronic Document Format (ABNT)

Electronic Document Format (APA)

Electronic Document Format (ISO)

Electronic Document Format (Vancouver)

Electronic Document Format (ABNT)

Electronic Document Format (APA)

Electronic Document Format (ISO)

Electronic Document Format (Vancouver)

Electronic Document Format (ABNT)

Electronic Document Format (APA)

Electronic Document Format (ISO)

Electronic Document Format (Vancouver)

Electronic Document Format (ABNT)

Electronic Document Format (APA)

Electronic Document Format (ISO)