Female – ABC CARDIOL

IJCS

Review Article

Coronary Artery Disease in Women: Getting to Know Gender Related Disparities

Ana Gilabert-Garcia et al. Cristina Cristina Villarreal Guerrero Rodrigo Dagio-Cuéllar Jorge Luis Bermudez-Gonzalez … Arantza Marie Perez-Partida Joaquin Berarducci Javier Ivan Armenta-Moreno Jose Luna-Alvarez-Amezquita Juan Ignacio Straface Nilda Espinola-Zavaleta Erick Alexanderson

Abstract

Coronary artery disease (CAD) and ischemic heart disease (IHD) are often indistinctly used terms. Both combined have generated, over the past years, concerns about sex disparities in their presentation. From an epidemiological perspective, females have several disadvantages regarding the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of CAD. Most of the general cardiovascular risk factors affect women more frequently, or with a higher morbidity and mortality association. Besides, atypical manifestations of the disease and uncommon forms of CAD represent a diagnostic challenge for clinicians. Even if current treatments for CAD have no apparent sex bias, women representation in clinical trials and treatment patterns analyzed in clinical practice refuse this statement. Several disparities are caused by inevitable sex-particularities, but many of them are more social, cultural, and dogmatic beliefs that have to be addressed and overhaul.

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IJCS

Editorial

Sex and Gender Equity in Research and Publishing: International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences endorses SAGER Guidelines

Claudio Tinoco Mesquita et al. Aline Goneli de Lacerda

According to the recently published “Cardiovascular Statistics – Brazil 2020”, mortality from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is proportionally higher in women compared to men. The INTERHEART study demonstrated that the population attributable risk for myocardial infarction associated with modifiable risk factors of smoking, alcohol use, high-risk diet, and physical inactivity, was significantly higher among women than men. Evidence from the VIRGO study (Variation in Recovery: Role of Gender on Outcomes of Young Acute Myocardial Infarction [AMI] Patients) indicates that both health professionals and women are unaware or neglect the development of cardiovascular heart disease (CHD) and the presence of cardiovascular risk factors in women.

Women are underrepresented in cardiovascular disease trials despite known sex differences across a broad range of risk, prevention, treatment, and outcome parameters. Gender influences many aspects of disease like its pathophysiology and clinical presentation, response to treatment, clinicians’ behavior, and access to health care,^, and now it is clear that research must consider this to promote better diagnosis and treatment, and gender equity in health care.

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ABC

Original Article

Sex-Related Effects of Prenatal Stress on Region-Specific Expression of Monoamine Oxidase A and β Adrenergic Receptors in Rat Hearts

Tanja Jevdjovic et al. Tamara Dakic Sonja Kopanja Iva Lakic … Predrag Vujovic Nebojsa Jasnic Jelena Djordjevic

Abstract

Background:

Prenatal stress may increase risk of developing cardiovascular disorders in adulthood. The cardiotoxic effects of catecholamines are mediated via prolonged adrenergic receptor stimulation and increased oxidative stress upon their degradation by monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A).

Objectives:

We investigated long-term effects of prenatal stress on β (1, 2, 3) adrenergic receptors and MAO-A gene expression in the hearts of adult rat offspring.

Methods:

Pregnant rats were exposed to unpredictable mild stress during the third week of gestation. RNA was isolated from left ventricular apex and base of adult offspring. Quantitative PCR was used to measure gene expression in collected ventricular tissue samples. The level of significance was set to p < 0.05.

Results:

β3 adrenergic receptor mRNA was undetectable in rat left ventricle. β1 adrenergic receptor was the predominantly expressed subtype at the apical and basal left ventricular myocardium in the control females. Male offspring from unstressed mothers displayed higher apical cardiac β1 than β2 adrenergic receptor mRNA levels. However, β1 and β2 adrenergic receptor mRNAs were similarly expressed at the ventricular basal myocardium in males. Unlike males, prenatally stressed females exhibited decreased β1 adrenergic receptor mRNA expression at the apical myocardium. Prenatal stress did not affect cardiac MAO-A gene expression.

Conclusions:

Collectively, our results show that prenatal stress may have exerted region- and sex-specific β1 and β2 adrenergic receptor expression patterns within the left ventricle.

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Artigo Original

Features of the onset of Takayasu's arteritis acccording to gender

Andrea Rocha de Saboia Mont'Alverne et al. Luiz Eduardo de Paula Samuel Katsuyuki Shinjo

BACKGROUND: Although there are various published epidemiological studies regarding Takayasu’s arteritis (TA), none have analyzed the influence of gender on the clinical and laboratory manifestations or vascular alterations at disease onset. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the influence of gender on clinical and laboratory manifestations and variations in vascular imaging at TA onset. METHODS: A retrospective, unicentric cohort study that evaluated 55 consecutive TA patients between 1982 and 2012. All available clinical data and laboratory test results related to the onset of the disease were analyzed. We included only patients aged 12-35 years at diagnosis to exclude age-related factors. RESULTS: We analyzed 17 men and 38 women, mostly Caucasian, with a comparable mean age between genders. There was no gender difference regarding the clinical or laboratory characteristics, comorbidities, or smoking habit, except for abdominal pain, which was more common in men. Regarding vascular lesions, the presence of ascending aortic aneurysms was significantly more frequent in males. Male gender represented an independent risk factor for the occurrence of abdominal pain and ascending aortic aneurysms in TA patients. CONCLUSION: Abdominal pain and ascending aortic aneurysms occurred more frequently in men with TA, suggesting a more severe disease profile in males.

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Artigo Original

Correlation between metabolic and body composition variables in female adolescents

Eliane Rodrigues de Faria et al. Sylvia do Carmo Castro Franceschini Maria do Carmo Gouveia Peluzio Luciana Ferreira da Rocha Sant'Ana Silvia Eloiza Priore

BACKGROUND: Analysis of metabolic alterations and body composition in adolescents. OBJECTIVES: To study the correlation of serum levels of lipids, glycemia, insulin, homocysteine, HOMA-IR and blood pressure among themselves and with body variables. METHODS: Data concerning glycemia, total cholesterol and fractions (LDL, HDL and VLDL), triacylglycerols, insulin, homocysteine and blood pressure were measured in 100 adolescents at the age range of 14 to 17 years, who had already had menarche and attended the public schools in Vicosa, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The percentage of body fat (%BF) was evaluated by horizontal bioimpedance. RESULTS: In relation to nutritional status, 83%, 11% and 6%, respectively were eutrophic (EU), presented overweight/overweight risk (OW/OR) or low weight (LW) (CDC/NCHS, 2000) and 61% presented high percentage of BF. Total cholesterol presented the highest percentage of inadequacy (57%), followed by HDL (50%), LDL (47%) and triacylglycerols (22%). Inadequacy in 11%, 9%, 5% and 4% were observed in relation to insulin resistance, insulin, blood pressure and glycemia, respectively. For total cholesterol, insulin, HOMA-IR and nutritional state, OW/OR>LW (pEU>LW (p <0.001). Some positive and strong correlations were found between BMI and the anthropometrical measures estimating the % of total BF, as well as central distribution, except for the waist/hip ratio. The %BF was correlated with insulin levels (r=0.303; p <0.001) and HOMA-IR (r=0.281; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Some metabolic alterations, most often related with excess weight and body fat as well as insulin resistance were found, reinforcing the importance of specific programs directed at the adolescent health.

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Coronary Artery Disease in Women: Getting to Know Gender Related Disparities

Abstract

Sex and Gender Equity in Research and Publishing: International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences endorses SAGER Guidelines

Sex-Related Effects of Prenatal Stress on Region-Specific Expression of Monoamine Oxidase A and β Adrenergic Receptors in Rat Hearts

Abstract

Background:

Objectives:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusions:

Features of the onset of Takayasu's arteritis acccording to gender

Correlation between metabolic and body composition variables in female adolescents

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