Francisco José de Oliveira Filho et al. Leonardo Rufino Garcia Pedro Luciano Mellucci Filho Lenize da Silva Rodrigues Matheus Bertanha
Cardiovascular diseases represent the main cause of mortality in the adult population, both in Brazil and globally. The proportional mortality from these diseases in Brazil is approximately 27%. Cardiovascular alterations become the cause of great concern for patients who will undergo surgical procedures, a time when the body is exposed to a high level of metabolic stress and, therefore, cardiovascular complications can overlap with unfavorable outcomes. Worldwide, it is estimated that annually, approximately 900,000 patients undergoing surgery develop cardiac complications directly related to the surgery. In this context, the perioperative period and, therefore, physiological changes secondary to surgical trauma are a more important risk factor for the manifestation of cardiovascular diseases.
In Brazil, between 2 and 3 million surgeries are performed per year, according to the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). The magnitude of the data reiterates the importance of carrying out detailed pre-operative preparation so that the risks related to the surgical procedure are minimized, including cardiological evaluation.
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