1998;70(5) – ABC CARDIOL

Comunicações Breves

Anomalous origin of right pulmonary artery from ascending aorta (hemitruncus)

Ivan Romero Rivera et al. Valdir Ambrósio Moisés Celia Camelo Silva Samira Borges Leal … Miguel Angel Maluf José Lázaro Andrade Antonio Carlos Carvalho

The origin of the right pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta is a rare congenital anomaly, with very few reports in the literature. We describe two cases of this rare malformation, one of them, associated with interruption of the aortic arch (type B). In both cases, the diagnosis was made by two-dimensional echocardiography, with angiographic confirmation in one of them. The origin of the right pulmonary artery was close to the aortic valve, anomaly pathogenetically distinct from the type that arises close to the innominate artery.

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The contribution of the loop memory ECG recorder to the diagnosis of symptoms

Cesar J. Grupi et al. Silvio A. Barbosa Célia R. Sampaio Paulo J. Moffa

PURPOSE: To evaluate the contribution of the loop memory recorder in improving the diagnosis of symptoms related to cardiac arrhythmias. METHODS: The study population was 64 patients whose Holter monitorization was inconclusive as to the diagnosis of symptoms related to cardiac arrhythmias. Each wore a patient-activated ambulatory electrocardiogram device for 15 days. The ECG recordings during the occurrence of symptoms were sent to the ECG receiving center by phone. RESULTS: Two patients did not conclude the study. The majority of the patients (85.5%) experienced symptoms in the fifteen days of monitorization, and in 62.2% of these patients electrocardiographic events were observed. The main symptoms experienced by these patients were: palpitation (67.7%), dizziness (32.3%), and syncope (29%). Other symptoms like breast pain, fatigue, indisposition and dyspnea were also noted in 30.6% of the patients. The main electrocardiographic disturbances observed were: sinus tachycardia (45.5%), isolated premature beats (30.3%), supraventricular tachycardia (21.2%), ventricular tachycardia (3%) and third degree AV block (3%). We also observed that the first symptomatic recording occurred mainly in the initial days of monitorization (69.4% in the first 5 days). The percentage of diagnoses was 35.5% in patients whose Holter monitoring had been inconclusive. CONCLUSION: The cardiac loop ECG recorder therefore achieved an important incremental diagnostic yield.

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Fetal supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. Experience of a fetal cardiology reference center

Paulo Zielinsky et al. Rejane F. Dillenburg Gustavo G. de Lima Lúcia P. Zimmer

PURPOSE: To describe the presentation, diagnosis and treatment of fetal supraventricular tachyarrhythmias in a series of fetuses followed in a tertiary Fetal Cardiology Center. METHODS: Twenty-five fetuses with diagnosis of supraventricular tachyarrhytmia were reported from January 1989 to October 1997, among 3117 pregnant women referred for fetal cardiac evaluation. RESULTS: There were 17 fetuses with the diagnosis of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and 8 patients with atrial flutter (AF). Gestational age ranged from 26 to 40 weeks. Twelve patients were hydropic at presentation (6 with SVT and 6 AF). Four fetuses with SVT showed structural abnormalities (two with Ebsten’s anomaly and two with VSD). All patients were admitted to the Fetal Cardiology Unit for monitoring and treatment. Among 17 fetuses with SVT, twelve showed good response to digoxin administration, but this drug was not useful in any of the patients with flutter. In two patients with SVT and in six with AF, the pregnancy was interrupted to perform post-natal cardioversion. The mortality rate was 3/17 in the SVT group (including 2 patients with ebstein’s anomaly and 0/8 in the flutter group) CONCLUSION: Fetal supraventricular tachyarrithmias are rare in the general population. Nevertheless, the fetus may present with severe heart failure and death. Considering the satisfactory therapeutic response, accurate diagnosis and early treatment of these conditions are extremely important.

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Prevalence of dyslipidemias in adult ambulatory laboratory tests from different health care providers

Ines Lessa et al. João Lycio Conceição Levi Mirabeau Joabe Carneiro … Joamar Melo Viviane Oliveira Joel Pinheiro Fábio Meireles Joaquim Reis Neto Felipe Reis Rogério Gouvea Marcelo Couto Marlene Rosa Oliveira Silvânia Souza

OBJECTIVE: To detect differences in the prevalence of dyslipidemia in adult ambulatory laboratory tests from three different health care providers, in Salvador-Brazil, 1995. METHODS: The study was carried out using a probabilistic sample of 24 out of 104 laboratories (@25%) which performed the same enzymatic method for lipid tests with the same quality control. Laboratory tests results were separated into three groups, according to health care provider: Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS, governamental), Health Maintenance Organizations (HMO), and Private or Patients Health Insurance (PHI). Criteria for dyslipidemias in mg/dL were: total cholesterol > or = 240; LDL-c > or = 160; HDL-c or = 200. Prevalence rates, 95% confidence intervals (CI) and chi² test were used in the analysis. RESULTS: From the 5464 adult subjects, 14.8% were from SUS, 31.6%. from HMO and 53.6% PHI. The highest prevalence for hypercholesterolemia – 28.0% (CI 24.0; 32.0) and for LDL-c > or = 160mg/dL – 30.4% (CI 27.6; 33.2), were found in the HMO group. PHI had the highest prevalence for HDL-c <35mg/dL – 12.3% (CI 10.0; 13.8), and for hypertrygliceridemia – 17.8% (CI 16.3; 19.3). Most of the differences among health providers were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The best lypid profile observed in subjects from SUS suggests social differences in the prevalence of dyslipidemias. As compared to other dyslipidemias, HDL-c <35mg/dL prevalence was lower than expected in all three groups. The data may provide insights to medical doctors and other health care professionals regarding the questions of dyslipidemias. It can also provide objective information to the patients and encourage them to change their life styles.

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Diuretics improve functional capacity in patients with congestive heart failure

Francesca Tadeu Eterno et al. Múcio Tavares de Oliveira Jr Antonio Carlos Pereira Barretto

PURPOSE: The 6-9 minute walking test was used in this study to evaluate the impact of these drugs on functional capacity of patients admitted to the Hospital because of Heart Failure (CHF). METHODS: Ten patients (5 males and 5 females) with mean age of 47 years and NYHA CHF functional class III or IV underwent a 6-9 minute walking test at admission and on the day of discharge from the Hospital. The following parameters were evaluated both at admission and discharge: body weight, echocardiography-derived LV dimensions and function, plasmatic levels of sodium, potassium, BUN, creatinine, hemoglobin and hematocrit. Treatment consisted of increasing outpatient dose of furosemide (IV and/or PO) plus the association of thiazide if necessary. The previous dose regimen of digitalis, ACE inhibitors or the association nitrate and hydralazine was kept unchanged. RESULTS: Time to compensation of CHF varied from 4 to 30 days (mean 8.7±7.8 days). LV end diastolic dimension varied from 47 to 81mm. LV EF spanned from 0.26 to 0.74. The 6min walking distance improved from 193.4± 71.5m to 341.8±67.7m (p<0.00002) and the 9min walking distance from 268.1±119.6m to 518.0±114.8m (p<0.00005). Hemoglobin, hematocrit, BUN, creatinine and sodium levels were unchanged from admission to discharge, whereas plasma potassium level increased from 4.0±0.91mEq/l to 4.69±1.00mEq/l (p=0.01), and body weight was reduced from 58.9±6.42kg to 52.9±5.31kg (p<0.0006). CONCLUSION: Compensating CHF with diuretics leads to a significant improvement in physical capacity. This benefit is already evident in the in-hospital phase.

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Why is the in-hospital case-fatality rate of acute myocardial infarction higher in women?

Luiz Carlos Santana Passos et al. Antonio Alberto Lopes Amine Amorim Barbosa Rogério Santos Jesus

PURPOSE: To assess the influence of age, disease severity at admission and therapeutic interventions on the higher in-hospital case-fatality rate of acute myocardial infarction (MI) in women. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study involving a total of 388 acute MI patients (50 deaths). The following variables were treated as possible explanatory factors for the association between gender and case-fatality rate of acute MI: age ( or = 60 years), duration of symptoms, Killip class, type of infarction (Q wave vs non-Q wave), comorbidities, previous history of stroke and specific therapeutic interventions for acute MI (aspirin, beta-blocking drugs, and thrombolytic agents). Logistic regression models were used to assess the influence of potential confounders on the association between gender and in-hospital death. RESULTS: The in-hospital case-fatality rate of acute MI was higher in women (19.5% vs 9.4%) than in men (odds ratio (OR) = 2.34; 95% CI= 1.12-4.47). Although women were significantly older than men (p<0.01), the association between gender and death was reduced only by 15 percent after adjusting for age (OR=1.99; 95% CI= 1.07-3.67). This association became weaker after taking into account disease severity at admission (OR=1.84; 95% CI= 0.90-3.74) and therapeutic interventions for acute MI (OR=1.50; 95% CI= 0.67-3.38). CONCLUSION: Differences in age cannot fully explain the higher case-fatality rate in women than in men with acute MI. Severity of disease at admission and differences in therapeutic interventions might play an important role in the higher case-fatality rate of acute MI among women.

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Premature mortality from heart diseases in Brazil. An international comparison

Paulo Andrade Lotufo

PURPOSE: Chronic diseases have been the main cause of mortality in the Brazilian metropolitan areas since 1960. Circulatory diseases are the main causes of chronic diseases. The aim was to compare the heart disease related premature deaths in Brazil with other countries in 1984-87. METHODS: We studied the deaths from the official mortality statistics from eight metropolitan areas with good assurance of information: Belém, Recife, Salvador, Belo Horizonte, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Curitiba, Porto Alegre. Death causes analyzed were coronary heart disease (410-414); and heart diseases [ischemic heart disease (410-414) plus heart failure (428) plus, hypertension (401-404)]. The population was determined from the National Brazilian Census in 1980 and 1991, in other years it was determined by linear interpolation. RESULTS: The international comparison showed that: a) heart disease mortality rates for Brazilian men was ranked (Hungary, Rio de Janeiro, Finland, Porto Alegre and Poland) in the medium and among women (Rio de Janeiro, Curitiba, Hungary, Porto Alegre and England and Wales) in the top; b) coronary heart diseases showed the same pattern of heart diseases for men (Finland, Hungary, England and Wales, Porto Alegre, Rio de Janeiro) and for women (Rio de Janeiro, Curitiba, Hungary, Porto Alegre, England and Wales). CONCLUSIONS: The international comparison of age-adjusted mortality rates in the age strata 45-years-old to 64-years-old during the period 1984-87 showed that Brazilian cities had a high mortality pattern of heart diseases, similar or greater than Europe or United States, mainly among women.

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Anomalous origin of right pulmonary artery from ascending aorta (hemitruncus)

The contribution of the loop memory ECG recorder to the diagnosis of symptoms

Fetal supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. Experience of a fetal cardiology reference center

Prevalence of dyslipidemias in adult ambulatory laboratory tests from different health care providers

Diuretics improve functional capacity in patients with congestive heart failure

Why is the in-hospital case-fatality rate of acute myocardial infarction higher in women?

Premature mortality from heart diseases in Brazil. An international comparison

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