Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging

ABCIC

Review Article

Three-Dimensional Echocardiographic Assessment of the Right Ventricle: Why Should We Use It

Tiago R. Politi et al. Rodrigo B.M. Barretto João Cesar Nunes Sbano David Costa de Souza Le Bihan Wilson Mathias Jr.

Abstract

Right ventricular (RV) assessment using two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography has historically faced significant challenges due to the chamber’s complex and unique geometry and its thoracic orientation. In this context, three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography has emerged as a promising tool to overcome and illuminate these limitations, enabling accurate quantification of volumes and ejection fraction without relying on geometric assumptions. As a result, the routine incorporation of 3D echocardiography into RV evaluation may redefine diagnostic and prognostic paradigms, fostering a more precise and personalized approach in modern cardiology. To consolidate and highlight this technique, this review article explores the technical principles of 3D echocardiography for RV assessment, discusses its advantages over conventional 2D imaging, examines its validation against cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), and reviews key clinical applications, including pulmonary hypertension, functional tricuspid regurgitation, congenital heart disease, and right-sided heart failure. Additionally, the article outlines current limitations of the technique, future perspectives, and practical recommendations based on contemporary literature.

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ABCIC

Case Report

Long-term Follow-Up of a Patient with FLNC Gene Mutation-Related Cardiomyopathy: A Case Report

Isabela Bispo Santos da Silva Costa et al. Bruno Soares da Silva Rangel Antonio Tito Paladino Filho Bruno Normande Colombo … Thamara Carvalho Morais Ludhmila Abrahão Hajjar

Introduction

Heart Failure (HF) is estimated to affect approximately 26 million people worldwide.^, In Brazil, prevalence is high, with about 2 million diagnosed patients and an incidence of roughly 240,000 new cases every year. Between 2011 and 2021, more than 2.5 million HF-related hospitalizations were recorded in the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), underscoring the relevance of the disease in the national context. These figures highlight the need for early diagnostic strategies and etiological definition for the appropriate management of these patients. Establishing an etiological diagnosis is often challenging but essential to provide disease-specific treatments and improve prognosis. Diagnosis encompasses multimodality cardiac imaging, with Cardiac Magnetic Resonance imaging (CMR) being a useful tool for evaluating non-ischemic cardiomyopathy phenotypes and establishing an etiological diagnosis.

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ABCIC

Review Article

My Approach to Atrial Strain by Cardiac Magnetic Resonanc

Isabela Bispo Santos da Silva Costa et al. Rafael Almeida Fonseca Carlos Eduardo Rochitte

Abstract

Assessment of left atrial strain (LAS) using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is gaining interest in cardiology as a novel parameter, as it quantifies the left atrium’s (LA) deformation throughout the cardiac cycle. Traditionally, LA function was inferred from left ventricular ejection fraction and LA volume. However, recent studies emphasize the prognostic significance of directly analyzing atrial function, particularly in atrial fibrillation (AF), heart failure, and arterial hypertension. CMR provides a thorough evaluation of cardiac anatomy and function, enabling precise and reproducible measurement of atrial tissue deformation.

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ABC

Original Article

Prognostic Value of Adenosine Stress Perfusion Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Older Adults with Known or Suspected Coronary Artery Disease

Yodying Kaolawanich et al. Thananya Boonyasirinant

Abstract

Background:

There is limited data on the prognostic value of stress cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in older adults.

Objective:

To determine the prognostic value of adenosine stress CMR in older individuals with known or suspected coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods:

Between 2010 and 2015, consecutive patients aged 65 years or older referred for adenosine stress CMR were followed for the occurrence of severe cardiac events (cardiac death and nonfatal myocardial infarction) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) that also included hospitalization for heart failure and ischemic stroke. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the prognostic value of myocardial ischemia, with p-value <0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results:

After a mean follow-up period of 50.4 months in 324 patients (48% male, 73±7 years), 21 severe cardiac events and 52 MACE occurred. Patients with myocardial ischemia (n=99) had significantly higher rates of severe cardiac events (HR 5.25 [95% CI 2.11-13.04], p<0.001) and MACE (HR 3.01 [95% CI 1.75-5.20], p<0.001) than those without ischemia. Multivariable analysis determined ischemia as an independent predictor of severe cardiac events (HR 3.14 [95% CI 1.22-8.07], p=0.02) and MACE (HR 1.91 [95%CI 1.02-3.59], p=0.04). Ischemia provided an incremental prognostic value over clinical factors and left ventricular ejection fraction for predicting severe cardiac events and MACE (p<0.01 for both). No severe adverse events occurred during or immediately after CMR examinations.

Conclusion:

Adenosine stress CMR is safe and has prognostic value in older adults with known or suspected CAD.

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ABC

Artigo Original

Symptomatic severe chronic aortic valve disease: a comparative study of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and echocardiography

Marcelo Nigri et al. Carlos Eduardo Rochitte Flávio Tarasoutchi Guilherme S Spina … José Rodrigues Parga Luiz Francisco Ávila Roney Orismar Sampaio José Antonio Franchini Ramires Max Grinberg

OBJECTIVE: To show the real value of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) in the evaluation of patients with symptomatic chronic aortic valve disease. METHODS: Seventy patients – 35 with aortic stenosis (AoS) and 35 with aortic regurgitation (AoR) with surgical indication, who underwent preoperative echocardiogram (ECHO) and CMRI to assess ventricular function, volumes, and left ventricular mass index using cine magnetic resonance imaging, were studied. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was observed between the AoS and AoR groups when ECHO and CMRI variables were compared. When compared with the type of symptom, ECHO and CMRI variables showed the same pattern. CONCLUSION: CMRI data were in agreement with ECHO data regarding the assessment of left ventricular volume and ejection fraction, and with the clinical presentation of patients with chronic aortic valve disease.

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Three-Dimensional Echocardiographic Assessment of the Right Ventricle: Why Should We Use It

Abstract

Long-term Follow-Up of a Patient with FLNC Gene Mutation-Related Cardiomyopathy: A Case Report

Introduction

My Approach to Atrial Strain by Cardiac Magnetic Resonanc

Abstract

Prognostic Value of Adenosine Stress Perfusion Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Older Adults with Known or Suspected Coronary Artery Disease

Abstract

Background:

Objective:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusion:

Symptomatic severe chronic aortic valve disease: a comparative study of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and echocardiography

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