Interleukin 35 – ABC CARDIOL

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Editorial

Interleukin 35 (IL35): A New Biomarker for Coronary Artery Disease?

In general terms, biomarkers are biologic parameters associated with an illness’s presence and severity. Biomarkers can be detected by several means, including the physical exam and evaluation by laboratory tests or by image.

A more recent and objectively directed definition restricts its realms to a proteic substance – enzyme, hormone or without known function- that relates to health status, indicating a good status of health or disease, thus allowing for diagnosing a given disease, or its severity, or else being a therapeutic target, or serving the purpose of therapeutic guidance, that can be obtained from the blood, urine, saliva or other body fluids or tissues.

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Original Article

Interleukin-35 Levels in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease

Ersan Oflar et al. Mustafa Hakan Sahin Bulent Demir Abdulcelil Sait Ertugrul … Didem Melis Oztas Metin Onur Beyaz Murat Ugurlucan Fatma Nihan Turhan Caglar

Abstract

Background

It has been shown that interleukin-35 (IL-35) subunits are strongly expressed in atherosclerotic plaques in humans. Therefore, it is considered to play a role in atherosclerosis.

Objectives

In this study, IL-35 levels were compared with the control group in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD), and the association between IL-35 levels and the lesion type, lesion severity and extension was investigated with the Gensini score (GS) and the Syntax score (SS) in the patient group.

Methods

Sixty patients (18 female and 42 male) with CAD diagnosed by coronary angiography, who presented with typical chest pain and positive noninvasive cardiac stress test, and 46 patients (18 female and 28 male) with normal coronary lumenogram, were included in this study. Gensini and Syntax scores were calculated in the patient group, and these values were compared with IL-35 levels. Non-normally distributed variables were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test, whereas normally distributed parameters were assessed by Student’s t-test. The difference between categorical variables were evaluated by the Chi-square or Fisher test. P-values<0.05 were considered as statistically significant.

Results

No significant differences were observed between patients and the control group in terms of demographic characteristics and laboratory findings. Compared to the control group, IL-35 levels of the CAD group were considerably lower (36.9±63.9 ng/ml vs. 33.2±13.2 ng/ml, p<0.008). Although not statistically significant, IL-35 levels were higher in patients with low SS than among those with high SS (33.2±13.7 vs. 31.8±8.9, p=0.51). The IL-35 values of the patients with high GS were significantly lower than in patients with low GS (35±17.4 vs. 30.7±8.6, p=0.043).

Conclusion

It has been shown that IL-35 levels can be a new biomarker for stable CAD, and IL-35 is associated with the extension of CAD.