Heart/physiopathology – ABC CARDIOL

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Review Article

The Heart and COVID-19: What Cardiologists Need to Know

Isabela Bispo Santos da Silva Costa et al. Cristina Salvadori Bittar Stephanie Itala Rizk Antônio Everaldo de Araújo Filho … Karen Alcântara Queiroz Santos Theuran Inahja Vicente Machado Fernanda Thereza de Almeida Andrade Thalita Barbosa González Andrea Nataly Galarza Arévalo Juliano Pinheiro de Almeida Fernando Bacal Gláucia Maria Moraes de Oliveira Marcus Vinícius Guimarães de Lacerda Silvio Henrique Barberato Antonio Carlos Palandri Chagas Carlos Eduardo Rochitte José Antonio Franchini Ramires Roberto Kalil Filho Ludhmila Abrahão Hajjar

Abstract

In face of the pandemic of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the management of patients with cardiovascular risk factors and/or disease is challenging. The cardiovascular complications evidenced in patients with COVID-19 derive from several mechanisms, ranging from direct viral injury to complications secondary to the inflammatory and thrombotic responses to the infection. The proper care of patients with COVID-19 requires special attention to the cardiovascular system aimed at better outcomes.

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Original Article

Presystolic Wave is Associated with Subclinical Left Ventricular Dysfunction Assessed by Myocardial Performance Index in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Selim Kul et al. İhsan Dursun Semiha Ayhan Muhammet Rasit Sayin … Özge Üçüncü Nilgün Esen Bülbül Ahmet Hakan Ateş Ali Rıza Akyüz

Abstract

Background:

Myocardial performance index (MPI), demonstrates both systolic and diastolic functions of the left ventricle. Presystolic wave (PSW) is frequently detected on Doppler examination of the left ventricular outflow tract and possible mechanism of PSW is impaired LV compliance and left ventricular stiffness.

Objective:

To investigate the relationship between PSW and MPI in type 2 diabetic patients.

Method:

A total of 129 type 2 diabetic patients were included in this study. Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of PSW on Doppler echocardiography. There were 90 patients (38 male, mean age 57.77 ± 10.91 years) in the PSW-positive group and 39 patients (13 male; mean age: 55.31 ± 11.29 years) in the PSW-negative group. The p values of < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results:

MPI was higher in PSW- positive group (0.63 ± 0.17vs 0.52 ± 0.13, p < 0.001). In addition, subclinical left ventricle dysfunction (LVD) was higher in the PSW- positive group (p = 0.029). Univariate analysis showed that the presence of PSW associated with abnormal MPI (p = 0.031). Pearson correlation analysis showed that PSW velocity correlated with MPI (r: 0.286, p = 0.006).

Conclusion:

Presence of the PSW on Doppler examination was associated with subclinical LV dysfunction in patients with DM type 2. This easy-to-perform echocardiographic parameter may be related to subclinical LVD among patients with type 2 DM.

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Original Article

Tramadol Alleviates Myocardial Injury Induced by Acute Hindlimb Ischemia Reperfusion in Rats

Hamed Ashrafzadeh Takhtfooladi et al. Adel Haghighi Khiabanian Asl Mehran Shahzamani Mohammad Ashrafzadeh Takhtfooladi … Amin Allahverdi Mohammadreza Khansari

Abstract

Background:

Organ injury occurs not only during periods of ischemia but also during reperfusion. It is known that ischemia reperfusion (IR) causes both remote organ and local injuries.

Objective:

This study evaluated the effects of tramadol on the heart as a remote organ after acute hindlimb IR.

Methods:

Thirty healthy mature male Wistar rats were allocated randomly into three groups: Group I (sham), Group II (IR), and Group III (IR + tramadol). Ischemia was induced in anesthetized rats by left femoral artery clamping for 3 h, followed by 3 h of reperfusion. Tramadol (20 mg/kg, intravenous) was administered immediately prior to reperfusion. At the end of the reperfusion, animals were euthanized, and hearts were harvested for histological and biochemical examination.

Results:

The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were higher in Groups I and III than those in Group II (p < 0.05). In comparison with other groups, tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in Group II were significantly increased (p < 0.05), and this increase was prevented by tramadol. Histopathological changes, including microscopic bleeding, edema, neutrophil infiltration, and necrosis, were scored. The total injuryscore in Group III was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) compared with Group II.

Conclusion:

From the histological and biochemical perspectives, treatment with tramadol alleviated the myocardial injuries induced by skeletal muscle IR in this experimental model.

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Research Article

The echocardiography in the cardiovascular laboratory: a guide to research with animals

Maria Cristina Donadio Abduch et al. Renato Samy Assad Wilson Mathias Jr Vera Demarchi Aiello

The feasibility and potential for the morphological and hemodynamic investigation of the heart has been increasing the use of the echocardiography in the research setting. Additionally, the development of new technologies, like the real time 3D echocardiography and speckle tracking, demands validation throughout experimental studies before being instituted in the clinical setting.

This paper aims to provide information concerning the particularities of the echocardiographic examination in quadruped mammals, targeting the experimental research.

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The Heart and COVID-19: What Cardiologists Need to Know

Abstract

Presystolic Wave is Associated with Subclinical Left Ventricular Dysfunction Assessed by Myocardial Performance Index in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Background:

Objective:

Method:

Results:

Conclusion:

Tramadol Alleviates Myocardial Injury Induced by Acute Hindlimb Ischemia Reperfusion in Rats

Abstract

Background:

Objective:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusion:

The echocardiography in the cardiovascular laboratory: a guide to research with animals

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