Diet, High-fat – ABC CARDIOL

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Editorial

Cardioprotective Effects of Resistance Training on Obesity

Marcelo Diarcadia Mariano Cezar et al. Luana Urbano Pagan Ricardo Luiz Damatto Aline Lima Mariana Janini Gomes

Obesity is characterized as a complex metabolic disorder and is associated with several complications such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, renal dysfunction, liver dysfunction and cancer, resulting in impairment of quality of life.

The pathogenesis of obesity has a multifactorial origin and the oxidative stress may play an important role. Studies on animals and cell culture have reported how oxidative stress can contribute to the development of obesity, causing increased preadipocytes proliferation, adipocyte differentiation, and size of mature adipocytes, resulting in increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α).^,

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Original Article

Resistance Exercise Modulates Oxidative Stress Parameters and TNF-α Content in the Heart of Mice with Diet-Induced Obesity

Pauline Souza Effting et al. Stella M. S. Brescianini Helen R. Sorato Bruna Barros Fernandes … Giulia dos S. Pedroso Fidelis Paulo Roberto L. da Silva Paulo César L. Silveira Renata T. Nesi Rolando B. Ceddia Ricardo A. Pinho

Abstract

Background:

Obesity can be characterized by low-grade chronic inflammation and is associated with an excesso production of reactive oxygen species, factors that contribute to coronary heart disease and other cardiomyopathies.

Objective:

To verify the effects of resistance exercise training on oxidative stress and inflammatory parameters on mice with obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HFD).

Methods:

24 Swiss mice were divided into 4 groups: standard diet (SD), SD + resistance exercise (SD + RE), diet-induced obesity (DIO), DIO + RE. The animals were fed SD or HFD for 26 weeks and performed resistance exercises in the last 8 weeks of the study. The insulin tolerance test (ITT) and body weight monitoring were performed to assess the clinical parameters. Oxidative stress and inflammation parameters were evaluated in the cardiac tissue. Data were expressed by mean and standard deviation (p < 0.05).

Results:

The DIO group had a significant increase in reactive oxygen species levels and lipid peroxidation with reduction after exercise. Superoxide dismutase and the glutathione system showed no significant changes in DIO animals, with an increase in SD + RE. Only catalase activity decreased with both diet and exercise influence. There was an increase in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the DIO group, characterizing a possible inflammatory condition, with a decrease when exposed to resistance training (DIO+RE).

Conclusion:

The DIO resulted in a redox imbalance in cardiac tissue, but the RE was able to modulate these parameters, as well as to control the increase in TNF-α levels.

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Original Article

High-fat Diet Promotes Cardiac Remodeling in an Experimental Model of Obesity

Fernando Martins et al. Dijon Henrique Salomé Campos Luana Urbano Pagan Paula Felippe Martinez … Katashi Okoshi Marina Politi Okoshi Carlos Roberto Padovani Albert Schiaveto de Souza Antonio Carlos Cicogna Silvio Assis de Oliveira-Junior

Abstract

Background:

Although nutritional, metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities are commonly seen in experimental studies of obesity, it is uncertain whether these effects result from the treatment or from body adiposity.

Objective:

To evaluate the influence of treatment and body composition on metabolic and cardiovascular aspects in rats receiving high saturated fat diet.

Methods:

Sixteen Wistar rats were used, distributed into two groups, the control (C) group, treated with isocaloric diet (2.93 kcal/g) and an obese (OB) group, treated with high-fat diet (3.64 kcal/g). The study period was 20 weeks. Analyses of nutritional behavior, body composition, glycemia, cholesterolemia, lipemia, systolic arterial pressure, echocardiography, and cardiac histology were performed.

Results:

High-fat diet associates with manifestations of obesity, accompanied by changes in glycemia, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and myocardial interstitial fibrosis. After adjusting for adiposity, the metabolic effects were normalized, whereas differences in morphometric changes between groups were maintained.

Conclusion:

It was concluded that adiposity body composition has a stronger association with metabolic disturbances in obese rodents, whereas the high-fat dietary intervention is found to be more related to cardiac morphological changes in experimental models of diet-induced obesity.

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Cardioprotective Effects of Resistance Training on Obesity

Resistance Exercise Modulates Oxidative Stress Parameters and TNF-α Content in the Heart of Mice with Diet-Induced Obesity

Abstract

Background:

Objective:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusion:

High-fat Diet Promotes Cardiac Remodeling in an Experimental Model of Obesity

Abstract

Background:

Objective:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusion:

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