2006;86(1) – ABC CARDIOL

OBJECTIVE: The LOTHAR study evaluated medium and long term (one year) efficacy, tolerability and metabolic effects of the fixed combination of amlodipine and losartan compared to amlodipine or losartan alone. METHODS: Brazilian multicenter, randomized, double-blind and comparative trial performed with 198 patients in stage 1 and 2 essential hypertension. RESULTS: The fixed combination has a high antihypertensive efficacy that is sustained in the long term with very low percentage of loss of blood pressure control. This percentage is incidentally lower than that of the two monotherapy comparative regimens. In the long term, more than 60% of the patients treated with the fixed combination remained with DBP < 85 mmHg, and the antihypertensive effect, when assessed by ABPM persisted for 24 hours with a trough-to-peak ratio of 76.7%. The frequency of adverse events was quite low in this group, and the long-term incidence of leg edema was approximately four-fold lower than that observed with amlodipine alone. The fixed combination did not change glucose and lipid metabolism in the medium or in the long term. CONCLUSION: Based on these results, we can say that the combination of amlodipine and losartan – the first fixed combination of a calcium channel blocker and an angiotensin II receptor blocker available in the pharmaceutical market, is an excellent option for the treatment of a wide range of hypertensive patients.

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Editorial

Professor Jairo Ramos: founding editor

Evandro Tinoco Mesquita

EDITORIAL

Professor Jairo Ramos Founding editor

[…]

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Artigo Original

Adenosine myocardial perfusion SPECT with Tc-99m-MIBI in patients with obstructive coronary artery disease: correlation between quantitative coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound measurements

Luiz Eduardo Mastrocolla et al. Amanda G. M. R. Sousa Paola E. P. Smanio Rodolfo Staico … Ibraim F. M. Pinto Romeu S. Meneghelo Andreia C. Abizaid Roselei Graebin Vinicius D. Vaz Angela Paes Daniela S. Martins José Eduardo M. R. Sousa

OBJECTIVE: To correlate myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS) with Tc-99m-MIBI and adenosine infusion using quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). METHODS: Seventy patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) referred for myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS) with MIBI and adenosine were studied. Clinical, electrocardiographic (ECG), and scintigraphic findings were correlated with variables of visual and quantitative angiographic analysis, as well as to those of IVUS. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 60.6 years, and 39 were male. Coronary angiography showed percentage of diameter stenosis (% DS) of 49.94% in 105 arteries, 83 of which were re-evaluated by QCA (79%), mean of 44.20%, p<0.05. ST-segment depression during adenosine infusion was associated with higher degrees of % DS (55.0% vs. 47.8%), p<0.05). Scintigraphic ischemia was correlated with greater cross-sectional area of lumen obstruction by IVUS (% CSA). Clinical, ECG, and IVUS findings were considered together and expressed as global ischemic versus non-ischemic responses. Ischemia was associated with lower values of minimal lumen diameter (MLD) and minimal lumen area (MLA) determined by QCA and IVUS. CONCLUSION: Tc-99m-MIBI and adenosine myocardial SPECT is correlated with % CSA on IVUS, perfusion images considered. Global results assessment showed association between lumen diameter and area at obstructed sites as determined by QCA and IVUS.

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Case Report

Intra-arterial autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation for acute ischemic stroke

Maria Lúcia Furtado de Mendonça et al. Gabriel R. de Freitas Suzana Alves da Silva Aquiles Manfrim … Carlos Henrique Eiras Falcão Constantino Gonzáles Charles André Hans Fernando Rocha Dohmann Radovan Borojevic Rosália Mendez Otero

Stroke is the third cause of death and the leading cause of disability in adult subjects. Although stroke mortality has been declining in some countries, stroke morbidity has been increasing due to the aging of population and patients improved survival.¹ Treatment with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) is successful provided it is administered within 3 hours of symptoms onset,² but its use is limited to about 5% of the patients with acute ischemic stroke. Furthermore, no neuroprotective agent has yet been proven effective in human clinical trials. The development of other therapeutic strategies is, therefore, warranted. The use of stem cells in animal models has led to functional improvement following stroke.³ Recent publications have shown that bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNC) therapy through intracoronary injection is a safe procedure in patients with acute or chronic ischemic heart disease.4,5 Based on these preliminary data, there has been growing interest in the study of BM-MNC transplantation for acute ischemic stroke. We report the first case of intra-arterial autologous BM-MNC transplantation for acute ischemic stroke.

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Artigo Original

Blood pressure levels and their association with cardiovascular risk factors among employees of the University of Brasília, a Brazilian public university

Tatiana Valverde da Conceição et al. Fabiano Alves Gomes Pedro Luiz Tauil Tânia Torres Rosa

OBJECTIVE: To verify and classify, according to the JNC 7, the blood pressure levels (BPL) of the employees of University of Brasilia, a public university in Brazil, who are older than 40 years of age, and to estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in this population. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Brasilia, with employees over 40 years of age. They answered a questionnaire and had their blood pressure, weight and height measured. The BPLs were classified according to the JNC 7 classification and the demographic data of the subjects in each category were analyzed. The percentage of risk factors was calculated. The statistical analysis was carried out using the ANOVA test and the chi-square test, where applicable. RESULTS: Seven hundred and four subjects participated in the study, 438 male and 266 female. The median age was 47. According to the JNC 7, 139 (19.8%) subjects were classified as normotensive; 298 (42.3%) as prehypertensive and 267 (37.9%) as hypertensive. The risk factors assessed were overweight/obesity (56.8%), smoking habit (19.5%), alcohol consumption (53.6%), sedentary lifestyle (48.4%) and hypertension (37.9%). CONCLUSION: The high frequency of elevated blood pressure levels and cardiovascular risk factors among the employees indicates the need for preventive and therapeutic measures for cardiovascular disease targeted at the university’s employees.

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Atualização

Sexual activity and heart

Ricardo Stein et al. Clarissa Barlem Hohmann

UPDATE

Sexual activity and heart

[…]

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Artigo Original

Cardiopulmonary responses to exercise in patients of different age group with congestive heart failure

Marcelo de Castro César et al. Fábio Tadeu Montesano Rosiane Vieira Zuza Diniz Dirceu Rodrigues Almeida … Antonio Sérgio Tebexreni Turíbio Leite de Barros

OBJECTIVES: This paper aims at comparing cardiorespiratory functional capacity during exercise – represented by indicators of functional limitation, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), and anaerobic threshold – plus cardiopulmonary responses to maximal exercise in congestive heart failure (CHF) patients belonging to different age groups. METHODS: Fifty-four CHF patients, stratified by age group, were evaluated as follows: group I – 30 to 39 years (n = 12); group II – 40 to 49 years (n = 18); group III – 50 to 59 years (n = 17); and group IV – 60 years and above (n = 7). All patients underwent maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) on treadmills. A single-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to compare different age groups. RESULTS: No significant differences were found in maximal oxygen uptake and anaerobic threshold among the age groups, nor in maximal values for carbon dioxide production, oxygen pulse, respiratory exchange ratio, pulmonary ventilation, and ventilatory equivalents for oxygen and carbon dioxide. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that cardiorespiratory functional capacity during exercise in patients with CHF, as well as cardiopulmonary variables at maximal exercise, may be similarly affected by the heart disease in all studied age groups.

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Artigo Original

Comparative study of clinical and Doppler echocardiographic evaluations of the progression of valve diseases in children and adolescents with rheumatic fever

Zilda Maria Alves Meira et al. Eugênio Marcos Andrade Goulart Cleonice de Carvalho Coelho Mota

OBJECTIVE: Compare clinical and Doppler echocardiographic evaluations in assessing valvular diseases in children and adolescents with rheumatic fever, as well as assess the progression of the disease in light of these assessments. METHODS: This is a longitudinal study of 258 children and adolescents diagnosed with rheumatic fever according to Jones’ criteria. The follow-up period ranged from 2-15 years. The presence and quantification of valve diseases were determined by means of clinical and Doppler echocardiographic evaluations performed during the acute and chronic phases. The Kappa statististics method was used to estimate the degree of agreement between clinical and Doppler echocardiographic evaluations. Comparisons between clinical and Doppler echocardiographic findings on the progress of carditis and valvulitis, respectively, were made using chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test, p< 0.05. RESULTS: Of the 109 patients who underwent Doppler echocardiographic evaluation during the acute phase, 31 did not present clinical evidence of carditis, but the Doppler echocardiograms of 17 (54.8%) of them showed valve lesions (subclinical valvulitis). During the chronic phase, 153 of the 258 patients had normal cardiovascular examination results; however, Doppler echocardiograms showed that 81 of them (52.9%) had valve lesions (subclinical chronic valvular diseases). Involution of the valvular lesions, as shown by Doppler echocardiographic evaluations, was less frequent and occurred in 10 (25.0%) patients with mild valvulitis, in only one (2.5%) patient with moderate valvulitis, and in none of the patients with severe valvulitis. CONCLUSION: The identification of rheumatic fever valve lesions can be enhanced when clinical evaluations are supplemented by Doppler echocardiographic examinations; also, clinical examinations are not as suitable to detect valvular lesion regression as the echocardiography. The diagnosis of subclinical valvulitis and valvulopathy influences the secondary prophylaxis of rheumatic fever and endocarditis.

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Artigo Original

Serial electrophysiological studies of the heart’s excito conductor system in patients with chronic chagasic cardiopathy

Ney Valente et al. João Pimenta Angelo Amato Vincenzo de Paola

OBJECTIVES: To study the evolution of lesions in conduction system using invasive electrophysiological studies (EPS), the impact of these alterations on cardiovascular events (CVE), and the frequency of these events in chronic chagasic patients. METHODS: Prospective study, initiated in 1979 with clinical follow-up until 2000, with the participation of 28 chronic chagasic patients that were 18 to 65 years old, with bundle branch and/or atrioventricular blocks. The patients were submitted to two EPS with a minimum interval of four years between the studies in order to assess five electrophysiologis parameters that were correlated with CVE. A 24-hour Holter and echocardiogram were performed. RESULTS: The average follow-up time after the first EPS was 154.5 months while the interval between EPS was 107.5 months. Ages ranged from 25 to 65 years. Twenty seven patients presented complete right bundle branch block associated with a left anterior hemiblock. The echocardiogram showed alteration in twelve patients. During the 24-hour Holter and ventricular stimulation, only one patient presented sustained ventricular tachycardia (SVT). Nine presented CVE during the study and only the HV interval > 70ms presented a significant statistical relationship with CVE. CONCLUSIONS: a) The chronic form of Chagas disease presents different progressive abnormality percentages for the electrophysiological variables and WP alterations are the most common. b) Among the electrophysiological findings, only the HV interval > 70ms was associated with CVE. c) The incidence of CVE was 31.1% during the average follow-up period of 154.5 months.

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