OBJECTIVE: Compare clinical and Doppler echocardiographic evaluations in assessing valvular diseases in children and adolescents with rheumatic fever, as well as assess the progression of the disease in light of these assessments. METHODS: This is a longitudinal study of 258 children and adolescents diagnosed with rheumatic fever according to Jones’ criteria. The follow-up period ranged from 2-15 years. The presence and quantification of valve diseases were determined by means of clinical and Doppler echocardiographic evaluations performed during the acute and chronic phases. The Kappa statististics method was used to estimate the degree of agreement between clinical and Doppler echocardiographic evaluations. Comparisons between clinical and Doppler echocardiographic findings on the progress of carditis and valvulitis, respectively, were made using chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test, p< 0.05. RESULTS: Of the 109 patients who underwent Doppler echocardiographic evaluation during the acute phase, 31 did not present clinical evidence of carditis, but the Doppler echocardiograms of 17 (54.8%) of them showed valve lesions (subclinical valvulitis). During the chronic phase, 153 of the 258 patients had normal cardiovascular examination results; however, Doppler echocardiograms showed that 81 of them (52.9%) had valve lesions (subclinical chronic valvular diseases). Involution of the valvular lesions, as shown by Doppler echocardiographic evaluations, was less frequent and occurred in 10 (25.0%) patients with mild valvulitis, in only one (2.5%) patient with moderate valvulitis, and in none of the patients with severe valvulitis. CONCLUSION: The identification of rheumatic fever valve lesions can be enhanced when clinical evaluations are supplemented by Doppler echocardiographic examinations; also, clinical examinations are not as suitable to detect valvular lesion regression as the echocardiography. The diagnosis of subclinical valvulitis and valvulopathy influences the secondary prophylaxis of rheumatic fever and endocarditis.