Paula F. Martinez et al. Silvio A. Oliveira-Junior Bertha F. Polegato Katashi Okoshi Marina P. Okoshi
Biomarkers have become a helpful tool for clinicians to establish acute and chronic diseases diagnosis and prognosis more accurately. The rapid expansion of researches in this field has been stimulated by molecular biology and omics techniques development.
In cardiovascular disease, the release of the intracellular components into the bloodstream in higher concentrations than usual are related to pathological conditions, such as necrosis, inflammation, hemodynamic stress, and thrombosis, and considered potential biomarkers. Although a large number of cardiac biomarkers has been described, only a few of them were incorporated in clinical practice. Their usefulness depends on their specificity and sensitivity for detecting myocardial injury, reproducibility, accuracy, and the discriminatory limits to distinguish between pathologic from physiologic levels.
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