Exercise/physiology – ABC CARDIOL

IJCS

Brief Communication

Jorge Pinto Ribeiro: a True Icon of Exercise Physiology and Cardiology

The initiative to make an edition dedicated to a certain area of knowledge in a scientific journal is always a major challenge full of hard work. Original articles, reviews and / or special cases in the field are expected and the best experts in the subject are those that the editor hopes to be able to count. This edition of the International Journal of Cardiology Science, headed by Dr. Claúdio Gil Soares de Araújo, is focused on physical exercise and its pages contain different articles on the matter. Probably, I was invited to contribute because I work and publish in the sports and exercise cardiology field, besides the fact that I am the Associate-Editor for exercise and rehabilitation of the Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia. By the way, when the invitation letter arrived, I immediately accepted it, but wondered what my ideal contribution might be. Thus, over five days I glimpsed different possibilities, until one early morning, while running an insight came: Jorge Pinto Ribeiro!!! Nothing is fairer to remember than a professor and scientist with more than 150 publications, at least half of them in the exercise physiology/cardiology area. So, with the support of the International Journal of Cardiology Science Editors I was able to go through a few lines with a sense of affection and sadness, as long as many years have passed since this cardiology “giant” passed way. It is amazing to mention that, despite the hiatus of more than 6 years since his death, he continues to publish: at least three articles with his name can be found at Pubmed in the year 2018… and two^, in this Edition!!! Well, but who was the Jorge Pinto Ribeiro I met? The differential started with the name. At least for me an affirmative name. A name that always sounded strong, announcing that behind these 17 letters, Jorge Pinto Ribeiro, came a winner. No, actually, he was a champion. A champion at home, at work, at leisure, a blessed champion with unified qualities in a rare individual, a true winner. A man who was always offering the hand to help others on their achievements. Yes, he was the owner of this name, a person who at the height of his 57 years, in the distant year of 2012, left us. Indeed, after a Herculean fight against a rare disease, the flame of his intense and successful life was extinguished. Actually, his early departure left an enormous emptiness and deep longing in relatives, friends, colleagues, students and patients. However, we who know him well always remember his energy, his production, his life as a husband, father, brother, doctor, teacher… as a friend!!! Is evident, he was a man who lived the life. In short, as a brilliant cardiologist and one of the most talented scientists in exercise physiology/cardiology ever, Jorge Pinto Ribeiro certainly is reading the International Journal of Cardiology Science pages delighted and smiling.

Ricardo “Pinto Ribeiro” Stein

[…]

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Original Article

Thermoregulation in Hypertensive Rats during Exercise: Effects of Physical Training

Luis Henrique Lobo Silame Gomes et al. Lucas Rios Drummond Helton Oliveira Campos Leonardo Mateus Teixeira de Rezende … Miguel Araújo Carneiro-Júnior Alessandro Oliveira Antônio José Natali Thales Nicolau Prímola-Gomes

Abstract

Background:

Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) show deficit in thermal balance during physical exercise.

Objective:

To assess the effects of low-intensity physical exercise training on thermal balance of hypertensive rats undergoing an acute exercise protocol.

Methods:

Sixteen-week-old male Wistar rats and SHR were allocated into four groups: control Wistar rats (C-WIS), trained Wistar (T-WIS), control SHR (C-SHR) and trained SHR (T-SHR). Treadmill exercise training was performed for 12 weeks. Blood pressure, resting heart rate and total exercise time was measured before and after the physical exercise program. After the exercise program, a temperature sensor was implanted in the abdominal cavity, and the animals subjected to an acute exercise protocol, during which internal body temperature, tail skin temperature and oxygen consumption until fatigue were continuously recorded. Mechanical efficiency (ME), work, heat dissipation threshold and sensitivity were calculated. Statistical significance was set at 5%.

Results:

Physical training and hypertension had no effect on thermal balance during physical exercise. Compared with C-WIS, the T-WIS group showed higher heat production, which was counterbalanced by higher heat dissipation. Hypertensive rats showed lower ME than normotensive rats, which was not reversed by the physical training.

Conclusion:

Low-intensity physical training did not affect thermal balance in SHR subjected to acute exercise.

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Original Article

Low Prevalance of Major Events Adverse to Exercise Stress Echocardiography

Stephanie Macedo Andrade et al. Caio José Coutinho Leal Telino Antônio Carlos Sobral Sousa Enaldo Vieira de Melo … Carla Carolina Cardoso Teixeira Clarissa Karine Cardoso Teixeira Jaquiele Santos Santana Igor Larchert Mota Carlos José Oliveira de Matos Joselina Luzia Menezes Oliveira

Abstract

Background:

Stress echocardiography is well validated for diagnosis and risk stratification of coronary artery disease. Exercise stress echocardiography (ESE) has been shown to be the most physiological among the modalities of stress, but its safety is not well established.

Objective:

To study the complications related to ESE and clinical and echocardiographic variables most commonly associated with their occurrence.

Methods:

Cross-sectional study consisting of 10250 patients submitted to ESE for convenience, from January 2000 to June 2014. Cardiac Arrhythmias (CA) were the most frequent complications observed during the examination. The volunteers were divided into two groups according to the occurrence of CA during ESE: G1 group, composed of patients who have CA, and G2 formed by individuals who did not show such complication. Results: Group G1, consisting of 2843 patients (27.7%), and Group G2 consisting of 7407 patients (72.3%). There was no death, acute myocardial infarction, ventricular fibrillation or asystole. Predominant CAs were: supraventricular extrasystoles (13.7%), and ventricular extrasystoles (11.5%). G1 group had a higher mean age, higher frequency of hypertension and smoking, larger aortic roots and left atrium (LA) and lower ejection fraction than G2. G1 group also had more ischemic changes (p < 0.001). The predictor variables were age (RR 1.04; [CI] 95% from 1.038 to 1.049) and LA (RR 1.64; [CI] 95% from 1.448 to 1.872).

Conclusion:

ESE proved to be a safe modality of stress, with non-fatal complications only. Advanced age and enlargement of the left atrium are predictive of cardiac arrhythmias.

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Review Article

Mechanisms Involved in Exercise-Induced Cardioprotection: A Systematic Review

Juliana Pereira Borges et al. Marcos Adriano Lessa

Background:

Acute myocardial infarction is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Furthermore, research has shown that exercise, in addition to reducing cardiovascular risk factors, can also protect the heart against injury due to ischemia and reperfusion through a direct effect on the myocardium. However, the specific mechanism involved in exerciseinduced cardiac preconditioning is still under debate.

Objective:

To perform a systematic review of the studies that have addressed the mechanisms by which aerobic exercise promotes direct cardioprotection against ischemia and reperfusion injury.

Methods:

A search was conducted using MEDLINE, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe de Informação em Ciências da Saúde, and Scientific Electronic Library Online databases. Data were extracted in a standardized manner by two independent researchers, who were responsible for assessing the methodological quality of the studies.

Results:

The search retrieved 78 studies; after evaluating the abstracts, 30 studies were excluded. The manuscripts of the remaining 48 studies were completely read and, of these, 20 were excluded. Finally, 28 studies were included in this systematic review.

Conclusion:

On the basis of the selected studies, the following are potentially involved in the cardioprotective response to exercise: increased heat shock protein production, nitric oxide pathway involvement, increased cardiac antioxidant capacity, improvement in ATP-dependent potassium channel function, and opioid system activation. Despite all the previous investigations, further research is still necessary to obtain more consistent conclusions.

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Jorge Pinto Ribeiro: a True Icon of Exercise Physiology and Cardiology

Thermoregulation in Hypertensive Rats during Exercise: Effects of Physical Training

Abstract

Background:

Objective:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusion:

Low Prevalance of Major Events Adverse to Exercise Stress Echocardiography

Abstract

Background:

Objective:

Methods:

Conclusion:

Mechanisms Involved in Exercise-Induced Cardioprotection: A Systematic Review

Background:

Objective:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusion:

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