Peer review – ABC CARDIOL

IJCS

Editorial

Ethical Use of Artificial Intelligence: Guidelines for Peer Review

Cristiano Marciano Duarte et al. Claudio Tinoco Mesquita

Introduction

Peer review is a key component to the success of scientific articles. High-quality peer review ensures reliable information, improves the efficiency of communication, and facilitates the interpretation of findings for better applicability of the data presented in studies. Recently, with the increasing availability of artificial intelligence (AI) tools, especially large language models (LLMs), several scientific journals have published policies and guidelines regarding their use in the peer review process. LLMs are generative AI tools capable of producing text, figures, and other forms of content based on the datasets on which they have been trained. Their use in scientific publications has gained prominence in improving the quality of scientific writing, translating texts, reformatting references, and supporting peer review. There are still no clear guidelines on the use of LLMs in peer review. In 2024, Li et al. reviewed the editorial practices of 100 high-impact medical journals and found that 78% had clear guidelines on the use of AI in peer review. Among these, 59% (46 journals) explicitly prohibited the use of AI in generating reports, whereas 32 journals (41%) allow its use in a limited manner, provided that confidentiality was maintained and copyright protected. The objective of this article was to present a review on this topic and to propose a rationale for implementing AI in accordance with best practices in ethics and scientific integrity.

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ABC

Viewpoint

Artificial Intelligence Assistance in the Peer Review Analysis of Medical Articles: Advantages, Disadvantages, and Ethical Considerations

André Zimerman et al. Andre d’Avila

AI talks about the role of AI as a reviewer of medical papers:

The peer review process is a cornerstone of scientific integrity, particularly in the field of medicine, where rigorous evaluation ensures that published research is credible, reproducible, and safe for clinical application. However, the growing volume of medical articles submitted for publication, coupled with the complexity of modern research, has strained the traditional peer review system.

The use of AI in the peer review of medical articles represents a transformative opportunity to address the mounting challenges of academic publishing in a field where accuracy, timeliness, and reliability are paramount. However, alongside its potential benefits, AI introduces significant drawbacks and notable challenges. This essay examines the benefits and shortcomings of AI in the peer review analysis of medical articles, as well as the ethical implications of its integration.

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IJCS

Editorial

Open Science and the Role of Cardiology Journals in the COVID-19 Pandemic

Claudio Tinoco Mesquita

In July 2020, Brazil has the world’s second highest Covid-19 death toll. The COVID-19 pandemic is spreading fast in America. Since the first case of COVID-19 was confirmed, it took 114 days in Brazil (February 26-June 19) and 98 days in the USA (January 21-April 29) for the number of cases to reach more than 1,000,000. Parallel to the rapid growth of COVID-19 cases, there has been a progression in the number of scientific publications. Until June 2020, more than 25,800 papers about COVID-19 were published in PubMed (17,800 open access – 69%). This volume of scientific publications is unprecedent. The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), for example, received more than 11,000 submissions from January 1 to June 1, 2020, compared with approximately 4,000 submissions during the same period in 2019. The International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences is facing a similar situation with more than doubled manuscripts submitted. Our aim is to discuss the importance of Open Science during the COVID-19 pandemic and the role of cardiology journals in this special moment.

COVID-19 is a new disease and many of its aspects are still obscure. What is known about SARS-CoV-2 transmission, incubation, and environmental stability? What are the risk factors for the disease? What is the best evidence-based therapy? What is the real importance of asymptomatic and presymptomatic virus shedding in SARS- CoV-2 transmission? How long neutralizing antibodies persist following infection, and do they confer immunity to reinfection? These and many other key questions are still unanswered. There is a great need for fast and efficient publication of information, but at the same time all efforts must be made to assure quality, and avoid biases and limitations.

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ABC

Letter to the Editor

Comments on the article by Araújo: are the criteria for peer review and publication clear?

Paulo Roberto Benchimol-Barbosa

LETTER TO THE EDITOR

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Ethical Use of Artificial Intelligence: Guidelines for Peer Review

Introduction

Artificial Intelligence Assistance in the Peer Review Analysis of Medical Articles: Advantages, Disadvantages, and Ethical Considerations

AI talks about the role of AI as a reviewer of medical papers:

Open Science and the Role of Cardiology Journals in the COVID-19 Pandemic

Comments on the article by Araújo: are the criteria for peer review and publication clear?

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Electronic Document Format (Vancouver)

Electronic Document Format (ABNT)

Electronic Document Format (APA)

Electronic Document Format (ISO)

Electronic Document Format (Vancouver)

Electronic Document Format (ABNT)

Electronic Document Format (APA)

Electronic Document Format (ISO)

Electronic Document Format (Vancouver)

Electronic Document Format (ABNT)

Electronic Document Format (APA)

Electronic Document Format (ISO)