coronary angioplasty – ABC CARDIOL

ABC

Artigo Original

Clinical outcome of renal transplant patients after coronary stenting

Fábio Monteiro Mota et al. Juliana Araújo José Airton Arruda Hélio T. S. Júnior … José O. M. Pestana José Marconi A. de Sousa Valter C. Lima

OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical outcome of renal transplant patients who developed coronary artery disease and were treated with coronary stenting (TCA-ST). METHODS: A total of 3,334 renal transplants were performed in our service – Hospital do Rim e Hipertensão – HRH (Kidney and Hypertension Hospital) from July, 1998 to November, 2004. During this period, 33 of the renal transplant patients underwent TCA-ST to treat 62 severe stenoses in 54 coronary arteries. A retrospective analysis was performed with renal transplant patients undergoing TCA-ST at HRH. The clinical events were registered using medical charts, medical visits and phone calls. RESULTS: During the 30-month clinical follow-up after TCA-ST, 67% of the patients remained asymptomatic, 18% presented stable angina, 6% presented acute coronary syndrome without ST-segment elevation (ACSWSTE), and 3% presented acute coronary syndrome with ST-segment elevation (ACSSTE). No strokes, CHF or cardiac deaths were observed. Three non-cardiac deaths occurred. A restenosis rate of 9% was observed, which is comparable to those found in studies on drug-eluting stents. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, renal transplant patients who developed CAD and were treated with coronary stenting had a low rate of in-stent restenosis, probably related to the immunosuppressive regimen given to prevent kidney rejection.

Read Full Article

ABC

Artigo Original

Unstable angina patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention in the new millennium: what characterizes them?

Daniele da Silva Peixoto et al. Luiz Fernando Leite Tanajura Amanda G. M. R. Sousa Marinella Patrizia Centemero … Áurea Jacob Chaves Júlio de Paiva Maia Alberto Gomes Taques Fonseca Luiz Alberto Piva e Mattos Fausto Feres José Eduardo M. R. Sousa

OBJECTIVE: To identify clinical and angiographic profiles of patients with unstable angina seen at a tertiary hospital and treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS: Study of a consecutive series of 1413 patients, selected from a computerized database, who underwent percutaneous revascularization in the three-year period of 2002-2004. There were no inclusion/exclusion criteria. RESULTS: Systemic arterial hypertension (74%) and hypercholesterolemia (65%) were the classical risk factors for coronary disease most frequently observed. Coronary artery bypass grafting and history of myocardial infarction were found in 24% and 28% of the cases, respectively. The subgroups most commonly treated were the IIB (48%) and IIIB (28%). Clopidogrel was prescribed for 51% of the patients and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, for 7%. Multivessel disease evidenced by coronary angiography was detected in 42% of the cases. Type B2 or C lesions were treated in 64%, 94% of which in native vessels. Restenotic lesions were dilated in 5% of the patients. All interventions were performed using coronary stents, the majority of which (67%) were standard bare-metal stents. CONCLUSIONS: 1) Subgroups IIB and IIIB were the most frequently treated (76%); 2) Clopidogrel was the most prescribed antithrombotic agent (51%); 3) Multivessel coronary artery disease was found in 42% of the cases, most of which were complex target lesions located in native vessels; 4) Coronary stent implantation was the chief dilation technique used.

Read Full Article

ABC

Artigo Original

Coronary intervention perfomed in a general hospital in the State of Piauí

Antenor Portela et al. Carlos Linhares Raldir Bastos Jayro Paiva

PURPOSE: To evaluate retrospectively success and complication rates of coronary interventions performed in a general hospital with no digital equipment in the State of Piauí with a small annual number of procedures. METHODS: From August/91 to January/98, 122 patients underwent 146 procedures using a fluoroscope with camera and TV monitor of 525 lines. The variables analyzed included the initial success of procedures (residual stenosis less than fifty percent and TIMI III flow) and more serious complications (acute occlusion, infarcts, emergency surgeries and death). The clinical data and the morphological characteristics of the lesions (ACC/AHA Task Force) were also analyzed. RESULTS: Eighty five percent of the patients presented with an acute ischemic syndrome (acute myocardial infarction, post infarction angina, rest angina), 5% were in cardiogenic shock and 88% had type B lesions. The initial success rate was 93% while the more serious complications occurred in 3.5% of the cases. CONCLUSION: In spite of the small annual procedural volume and the use of conventional equipment, the initial success rate in our institution was excellent in a diverse and complex patient population while the complication rates were similar to that of the literature.

Read Full Article

ABC

Original Article

Comparative study between the therapeutic effects of surgical myocardial revascularization and coronary angioplasty in equivalent ischemic situations: analysis through myocardial scintigraphy with 99mTc-Sestamibi

Anellys E. L. C. Moreira et al. Whady A. Hueb Paulo Rogério Soares José Cláudio Meneghetti … Maria Clementina P. Jorge William A. Chalela Eulogio E. Martinez Filho Sérgio Almeida de Oliveira Fábio Biscegli Jatene José Antônio Franchini Ramires

OBJECTIVE: To assess the myocardial ischemic load to previous and after myocardial revascularization. METHODS: Ninety-six randomized patients, carriers of multivessel coronary artery disease, stable angina, preserved left ventricular function, and exercise-induced myocardial ischemia treated with revascularization (SMR) or coronary angioplasty (TCA). Myocardial scintigraphy with 99mTc-Sestamibi was performed prior to and 6 months after myocardial revascularization. RESULTS: The SMR determined a significant greater index of complete revascularization (p=0.001), an increase in the number of maximum ergometric tests (p=0.001) and reduction in the number of positive ergometric tests with exercise angina (p=0.018). Both procedures provided an important improvement in the functional class of angina (p=0.001), an increase in the average value of double peak product (p=0.009), and the time of exercise tolerance (p<0.001), besides the reduction in the average value of the summed of exercise score (p<0.001) and the difference of the summed of scores (p<0.001) in both groups. CONCLUSION: TCA and SMR did not differ significantly concerning the reduction of myocardial ischemic load 6 months after the procedure. The myocardial revascularization was more complete with the SMR than the TCA, but it did not represent a significant factor for the reduction myocardial ischemic load.

Read Full Article

ABC

Artigo Original

Batimastat-eluting stent implantation for the treatment of coronary artery disease: results of the Brazilian pilot study

Cristiana Marques de Araujo et al. Gustavo Adolfo B. Rando Maria Fernanda Z. Mauro Salvador A. B. Cristóvão … Isaac S. Moscoso Sanchez Adnan Ali Salman João B. de Oliveira Neto José Armando Mangione

OBJECTIVE: The excellent results obtained with sirolimus (rapamicin)-eluting stents for preventing restenosis have motivated the evaluation of other substances with that property. Batimastat is a highly effective metalloproteinase enzyme blocker, with the potential to reduce the degradation of extracellular matrix and to inhibit the migration of smooth muscle cells, with the consequent capacity to control coronary restenosis. METHODS: From October 2001 to April 2002, 34 patients were prospectively selected with de novo lesions in a native coronary artery >50% and < 100%, which could be treated with stents of 3 to 4 mm in diameter and 18 mm in length. The primary outcome of the study was to assess the occurrence of major cardiovascular events (death of cardiac origin, acute myocardial infarction, and the need for revascularizing the target vessel) by the 30th day and fourth month; the secondary outcome of the study was to assess the rate of coronary restenosis 4 months after implantation and subacute thrombosis by the 30th day. RESULTS: The success rate of the procedure was 97.1%. The primary outcome occurred in 2.9% and 27.2% of the patients by the 30th day and fourth month, respectively. The binary restenosis rate on angiography was 39.3%. No episode of subacute thrombosis occurred. The comparative analysis between groups with and without restenosis showed no significant difference between both, except for late luminal loss, which was greater in G-I. CONCLUSION: Batimastat-eluting stents had a good safety profile; however, they were not effective in controlling coronary restenosis.

Read Full Article

ABC

Original Article

Comparison of immediate results and follow-up of patients with single-vessel and multivessel coronary artery disease younger than 50 years of age undergoing coronary stent implantation

Alexandre L. Anello et al. Isaac Moscoso Ricardo J. Tófano Adnan A. Salman … Salvador A. B. Cristóvão Maria Fernanda Z. Mauro João Batista de O. Neto José A. Mangione

OBJECTIVE: To assess the in-hospital results and clinical follow-up of young patients (< 50 years) with multivessel coronary artery disease undergoing stent implantation in native coronary arteries and to compare their results with those of patients with single-vessel coronary artery disease. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 462 patients undergoing coronary stent implantation. Patients were divided into 2 groups: group I (G-I) – 388 (84%) patients with single-vessel coronary artery disease; and group II (G-II) – 74 (16%) patients with multivessel coronary artery disease. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 45±4.9 years, and the clinical findings at presentation and demographic data were similar in both groups. The rate of clinical success was 95% in G-I and 95.8% in G-II (P=0.96), with no difference in regard to in-hospital evolution between the groups. Death, acute myocardial infarction, and the need for myocardial revascularization during clinical follow-up occurred in 10.1% and 11.2% (P=0.92) in G-I and G-II, respectively. By the end of 24 months, the actuarial analysis showed an event-free survival of 84.6 % in G-I and 81.1% in G-II (P=0.57). CONCLUSION: Percutaneous treatment with coronary stent implantation in young patients with multivessel disease may be safe with a high rate of clinical success, a low incidence of in-hospital complications, and a favorable evolution in clinical follow-up.

Read Full Article

ABC

Original Article

Primary coronary angioplasty in 9,434 patients during acute myocardial infarction: predictors of major in- hospital adverse events from 1996 to 2000 in Brazil

Luiz Alberto Mattos et al. Amanda G.M.R. Sousa Ibraim M. F. Pinto Cantídio de Moura Campos Neto … André Labrunie Cláudia Rodrigues Alves Jamil Saad

OBJECTIVE: To verify the results after the performance of primary coronary angioplasty in Brazil in the last 4 years. METHODS: During the first 24 hours of acute myocardial infarction onset, 9,434 (12.2%) patients underwent primary PTCA. We analyzed the success and occurrence of major in-hospital events, comparing them over the 4-year period. RESULTS: Primary PTCA use increased compared with that of all percutaneous interventions (1996=10.6% vs. 2000=13.1%; p<0.001). Coronary stent implantation increased (1996=20% vs. 2000=71.9%; p<0.001). Success was greater (1998=89.5% vs. 1999=92.5%; p<0.001). Reinfarction decreased (1998=3.9% vs. 99=2.4% vs. 2000=1.5%; p<0.001) as did emergency bypass surgery (1996=0.5% vs. 2000=0.2%; p=0.01). In-hospital deaths remained unchanged (1996=5.7% vs. 2000=5.1%, p=0.53). Balloon PTCA was one of the independent predictors of a higher rate of unsuccessful procedures (odds ratio 12.01 [CI=95%] 1.58-22.94), and stent implantation of lower mortality rates (odds ratio 4.62 [CI=95%] 3.19-6.08). CONCLUSION: The success rate has become progressively higher with a significant reduction in reinfarction and urgent bypass surgery, but in-hospital death remains nearly unchanged. Coronary stenting was a predictor of a lower death rate, and balloon PTCA was associated with greater procedural failure.

Read Full Article

ABC

Original Article

Acute myocardial infarction in elderly patients: comparative analysis of the predictors of mortality. The elderly versus the young

Marisa F. Leal et al. Newton Fernando Stadler de Souza Filho Hermínio Haggi Filho Estela Regina Klosoviski Eva Cantalejo Munhoz

OBJECTIVE: To study the in-hospital evolution of patients aged 65 years and older, with acute myocardial infarction, who were treated by direct coronary angioplasty with no fibrinolytic therapy. METHODS: We studied 885 patients divided into 2 groups as follows: group I (GI) – 293 (33.4%) patients aged ³ 65 years (72±5 years), and group II (GII) – 592 patients aged < 65 years (57±9 years). Multivessel disease was more frequent in GI (63.5% x 49.7%; p=0.001). A greater number of GII patients were class I or II of the clinical Killip-Kimball classification (K) (80.2% x 67.2%; p=0.00002), while a significant number of GI patients were KIII and KIV (24.3% x 12.8%; p=0.00003). RESULTS: Group I had a lower index of success (84.6% x 94%; p=0.0002) and a greater in-hospital mortality (12.2% x 4.7%; p=0.00007). The predictors of mortality in GI were as follows: previous infarction (20.5% x 6.3%; p=0.02), anterior location (13.4% x 6.4%; p=0.03), and male sex (10.4% x 4.4%; p=0.007). CONCLUSION: Elderly patients had more severe acute myocardial infarction and more extensive disease, a lower index of success, and greater in-hospital mortality. Previous infarction, anterior location and male sex were identified as predictors of mortality in the elderly group (GI).

Read Full Article

ABC

Original Article

Percutaneous handling of coronary lesions >20mm through stents. Is there a first choice strategy?

Luiz Fernando L. Tanajura et al. Ibraim M. F. Pinto Luiz Alberto P. Mattos Fausto Feres … Alexandre Abizaid Rodolfo Staico Marinella P. Centemero Áurea J. Chaves Andrea C. Abizaid Amanda G. M. R. Sousa J. Eduardo M. R. Sousa

OBJECTIVE – This study compared the early and late results of the use of one single stent with those of the use of multiple stents in patients with lesions longer than 20mm. METHODS – Prospective assessment of patients electively treated with stents, with optimal stent deployment and followed-up for more than 3 months. From February ’94 to January ’98, 215 patients with lesions >20mm were treated. These patients were divided into 2 groups as follows: Group A – 105 patients (49%) with one stent implanted; Group B – 110 patients (51%) with multiple stents implanted. RESULTS – The mean length of the lesions was 26mm in group A (21-48mm) versus 29mm in group B (21-52mm) (p=0.01). Major complications occurred in one patient (0.9%) in group A (subacute thrombosis, myocardial infarctionand death) and in 2 patients (1.8%) in group B (one emergency surgery and one myocardial infarction) (p=NS). The results of the late follow-up period (>6 months) were similar for both groups (group A = 82% vs group B = 76%; p=NS), and we observed an event-free survical in 89% of the patients in group A and in 91% of the patients in group B (p=NS). Angina (group A = 11% vs group B = 7%) and lesion revascularization (group A = 5% vs group B = 6%; p=NS) also occurred in a similar percentage. No infarction or death was observed in the late follow-up period; restenosis was identified in 33% and 29% of the patients in groups A and B, respectively (p=NS). CONCLUSION – The results obtained using one stent and using multiple stents were similar; the greater cost-effectiveness of one stent implantation, however, seems to make this strategy the first choice.

Read Full Article

ABC

Original Article

The use of primary stenting or balloon percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for the treatment of acutely occluded saphenous vein grafts. Results from the Brazilian National Registry – CENIC

Luiz Alberto Mattos et al. Amanda G.M.R. Sousa Cantídio de Moura Campos Neto André Labrunie … Cláudia Rodrigues Alves Fausto Feres Milton Macedo Soares Neto Jamil Saad

OBJECTIVE: We conducted a comparative analysis of the in-hospital outcomes of patients who underwent primary percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTCA) or stent implantation because of an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) related to an acute vein graft occlusion. METHODS: Since 1991 the Brazilian Society of Hemodynamic and Interventional Cardiology has maintained a large database (CENIC). From these, we selected all consecutive patients, who underwent primary PTCA or stenting in the first 24 hours of AMI, with the target vessel being an occluded vein graft. Immediate results and major coronary events occurring up until hospital discharge were analyzed. RESULTS: During this period, 5,932 patients underwent primary PTCA or stenting; 158 (3%) of the procedures were performed because of an acute vein graft occlusion. Stenting was performed in 74 (47%) patients. Patients treated with stents had a higher success rate and lower mean residual stenosis compared with those who underwent primary balloon PTCA. The incidence of reinfarction and death were similar for stenting and balloon PTCA. CONCLUSION: Primary percutaneous treatment of AMI related to acute vein graft occlusion is still an uncommon practice. Primary stenting improved luminal diameter and offered higher rates of success; however, this strategy did not reduce the in-hospital reinfarction and death rate, compared with that occurring with PTCA treatment.

Read Full Article

ABC

Original Article

Intraaortic balloon pump support during coronary angioplasty. Initial experience

Evandro C.V. Osterne et al. Gustavo A. Alexim Vicente P. da Motta Rosaly M.M. Lins … Eustáquio F. Carvalho Marcos V. Carneiro Elio Ribeiro de Morais Alexandre V. Brick

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of the intraaortic balloon (IAoB) in association with coronary angioplasty in high-risk patients. METHODS: Fourteen high-risk patients unresponsive to clinical therapy and with formal contraindication to surgical revascularization were treated by coronary angioplasty, most of which was followed by stenting. All procedures were performed with circulatory support with the IAoB. This study reports the early results and the late findings after 12 months of follow-up. Six patients had multivessel coronary disease; of these, four had left main equivalent lesions and two had unprotected left main coronary artery disease, one of whom had severe “end-vessel” stenosis and the other was a patient with Chagas’ disease with single-vessel lesion. Eleven patients had a left ventricular ejection fraction <30%. RESULTS: In 100% of the patients, the procedures were initially successful. Two patients had severe bleeding during the withdrawal of the left femoral sheath. At the end of twelve months, 4 patients were asymptomatic and the others were clinically controlled. There were two late deaths in the 7th and 11th months. CONCLUSION: The combined use of the intraaortic balloon pump and percutaneous coronary angioplasty in high-risk patients with acute ischemic syndromes provides the necessary hemodynamic stability to successfully perform the procedures.

Read Full Article

ABC

Original Article

Primary coronary angioplasty and stent implantation in acute myocardial infarction. Comparative analysis of the in-hospital results in the CENIC/SBHCI registry

Luiz Alberto Mattos et al. Amanda G. M. R. Sousa Cantídeo C. Neto André Labrunie … Cláudia R. Alves Jamil Saad

OBJECTIVE: Comparative analysis of the in-hospital results after primary implantation of stents or coronary balloon angioplasty in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS: CENIC (National Center of Cardiovascular Interventions) gathered data on 3,924 patients undergoing coronary angioplasty (in the primary form, without the previous use of thrombolytic agents) in the first 24 hours after a MI, during the period of 1996-1998. From these 3,924 patients, 1,337 (34%) underwent stent implantation. We analyzed the success of the procedure and the occurrence of adverse cardiac events. RESULTS: In patients undergoing stent implantation there were more males (77% vs 69%, p=0.001), previous by pass surgery (6.3% vs. 4.5%, p=0.01), anterior MI and stent implantation in left descending artery (55% vs. 48% vs. p=0.009), and saphenous vein bypass grafts (3.3% vs. 1.9%). the procedure was more succesful in the group of stents (97% vs. 84%, p=0.001) and reinfarction rate (2.5 vs. 4%, p=0.002). The need for emergency revascularization was similar (1% vs. 1.1%, NS). Total in-hospital mortality was lower in stent group (3.4% vs. 7. 2%, p=0.0001) and this effect was in patients Killip class III/V (19.5% vs. 32.5%, p= 0.002) because there was no difference in patients class I/II (1.7% vs. 2.8%, p=0.9). CONCLUSION: Primary stent implantation in acute myocardial infarction showed better early results than balloon angioplasty alome.

Read Full Article

ABC

Original Article

Safety and efficacy of angioplasty with intracoronary stenting in patients with unstable coronary syndromes. Comparison with stable coronary syndromes

Luís C. L. Correia et al. José Carlos Brito Andréa C. Barbosa Antônio M. Azevedo Jr … Mário S. Rocha Heitor G. Carvalho José Péricles Esteves

OBJECTIVE: To assess safety and efficacy of coronary angioplasty with stent implantation in unstable coronary syndromes. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of in-hospital and late evolution of 74 patients with unstable coronary syndromes (unstable angina or infarction without elevation of the ST segment) undergoing coronary angioplasty with stent placement. These 74 patients were compared with 31 patients with stable coronary syndromes (stable angina or stable silent ischemia) undergoing the same procedure. RESULTS: No death and no need for revascularization of the culprit artery occurred in the in-hospital phase. The incidences of acute non-Q-wave myocardial infarction were 1.4% and 3.2% (p=0.6) in the unstable and stable coronary syndrome groups, respectively. In the late follow-up (11.2±7.5 months), the incidences of these events combined were 5.7% in the unstable coronary syndrome group and 6.9% (p=0.8) in the stable coronary syndrome group. In the multivariate analysis, the only variable with a tendency to significance as an event predictor was diabetes mellitus (p=0.07; OR=5.2; 95% CI=0.9-29.9). CONCLUSION: The in-hospital and late evolutions of patients with unstable coronary syndrome undergoing angioplasty with intracoronary stent implantation are similar to those of the stable coronary syndrome group, suggesting that this procedure is safe and efficacious when performed in unstable coronary syndrome patients.

Read Full Article