2004;82(3) – ABC CARDIOL

Artigo Original

Short- and long- term results of percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty in pulmonary valve stenosis

Domingos M. Hatem et al. Iran Castro José Carlos Haertel Raul I. Rossi … Paulo Zielinsky Flávio C. Leboute Nara Pomar Maristela Winckler Rogério N. Kersten Carlos Roberto Cardoso Carlos A.M. Gottschall

OBJECTIVE: To assess the long-term results of percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty at a single institution. METHODS: This study comprised 189 patients with pulmonary valve stenosis undergoing percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty from 1984 to 1996, whose mean age was 7.97±9.25 years. The procedure was classified as successful when the RV-PA gradient was reduced to levels 36 mmHg after an effective procedure. RESULTS: After the procedure, the peak-to-peak transvalvular gradient decreased from 70.12±30.06 to 25.11 ±20.23 mmHg (P<0.001). Immediate success was obtained in 148 (78.72%) patients. A later reduction in the gradient to values < 36 mmHg was obtained in 24 other patients previously categorized as unsuccessful. Therefore, percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty was considered effective in 172 (91.01%) patients. Effectiveness increased to 93.53% (159/170) in the cases of typical morphology. Follow-up ranged from 4.39±3 years to 13.01 years. Restenosis was observed in 24 (13.95%) patients. Pulmonary regurgitation was detected in 95.1% of the patients, being more intense than mild in 29.5% of the patients. The probability of maintaining an appropriate result, at any time point, with no restenosis was 92.29% in 2 years, 87.38% in 5 years, 82.46% in 8 years, and 64.48% in 10 years. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty was effective and safe for the treatment of pulmonary valve stenosis with excellent short- and long-term results.

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Artigo Original

Correlation between evolution of the cognitive function and mortality after hospital discharge in elderly patients with advanced heart failure

Marcelo E. Ochiai et al. Luciano L.S. Franco Otávio C.E. Gebara Amit Nussbacher … João B. Serro-Azul Humberto Pierri Jairo Rays Antonio C.P. Barretto Mauricio Wajngarten

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relation between the evolution of cognitive performance and the prognosis of elderly patients after compensation of advanced heart failure. METHODS: Thirty-one patients older than 64 (68 ± 7) years and admitted with New York Heart Association class IV heart failure and ejection fraction = 0.45 (0.38 ± 0.06) were consecutively selected. They underwent cognitive tests (digit span, digit symbol, letter cancellation, trail making A and B) and the 6-minute walking test 4 days before (T1) and 6 weeks after (T2) hospital discharge, and their performances were compared using the t test. The prognostic value of the scores of the cognitive tests was analyzed with logistic regression, and the value of greatest accuracy of the tests was associated with the prognosis determined by the ROC curve. RESULTS: After 24.7 months, 17 (55%) patients had died. The performances in the 6-minute walking test and most cognitive tests improved between T1 and T2. The digit span score of the survivors ranged from 3.9 to 5.2 (P=0.003) and remained unaltered among those who died (4.1 to 3.9; P=0.496). An improvement < 0.75 points in the score was associated with mortality (relative risk of 8.1; P=0.011). CONCLUSION: In the elderly, after compensation of advanced heart failure, the lack of evolutionary improvement in cognitive performance was associated with a worse prognosis.

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Artigo Original

Ebstein's anomaly: results of the conic reconstruction of the tricuspid valve

José Pedro da Silva et al. José Francisco Baumgratz Luciana da Fonseca Jorge Yussef Afiune … Sônia Meiken Franchi Lílian Maria Lopes Daniel Marcelo Silva Magalhães José Henrique Andrade Vila

OBJECTIVE: To assess the results of a technical modification of tricuspid valvuloplasty in Ebstein’s anomaly. METHODS: From November 1993 to August 2002, 21 patients with Ebstein’s anomaly of the tricuspid valve, with ages ranging from 20 months to 37 years (mean, 23 years), underwent a new technique of tricuspid valvuloplasty. This technique consisted of total or almost total detachment of the anterior tricuspid megaleaflet from the ventricular wall and valvular ring, transforming it into a cone, whose vertex remained fixed in the right ventricular tip, and the base was sutured to the tricuspid ring, after its plication, adjusting it to the size of the base of the cone (tricuspid ring), including the septal region. RESULTS: One (4.7%) patient with cardiomyopathy caused by chronic hypoxia died in the hospital due to low cardiac output. The mean follow-up lasted 4 years, and the recent echocardiograms showed good morphology of the right ventricle and tricuspid valve with mild or minimal insufficiency in 18 patients and moderate insufficiency in 2 patients. In 2 of the 3 patients with an anomalous bundle, it could be located and sectioned during surgery. No atrioventricular block occurred. CONCLUSION: The technique used was efficient in repairing tricuspid insufficiency and restoring right ventricular morphology, being applicable to all anatomic types of Ebstein’s anomaly, except for Carpentier classification type D.

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Case Report

Vascular prosthesis infection in thoracic aorta surgery: review of the experience and a case report illustrating treatment with an unconventional technique

Ronaldo Ducceschi Fontes et al. Noedir Antônio Groppo Stolf Júlio Cesar Marino David Pamplona … Luis Francisco Ávila Sérgio Almeida Oliveira

We report the case of a 37-year-old-female patient who had undergone a Bentall procedure at our service and returned with intense chest pain and acute aortic dissection type III, which was diagnosed and clinically treated. One year after this episode, this dissection expanded, and the patient underwent surgery with interposition of a Dacron graft in the descending aorta. In the immediate postoperative period, the patient experienced left bronchopneumonia and was discharged afebrile and in good condition. One month after discharge, she returned with fever and toxemia. Pleural empyema was diagnosed, and she underwent an exploratory thoracotomy that did not confirm this diagnosis, but revealed intense effusion thickening. Four months after the exploratory thoracotomy, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter sp were isolated in a blood culture. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed shapes compatible with perigraft infection. With this clinical and laboratory picture, graft removal was indicated as was axillo-bifemoral grafting. Surgery was successfully performed, the patient was discharged in good condition, and remains well after a 57-month follow-up without complications. The methods used for diagnosis and treatment of prosthesis infection in thoracic aorta surgery are discussed.

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Case Report

Left atrial myxoma: three-dimensional echocardiographic assessment

Marcelo L.C. Vieira et al. Bárbara M. Ianni Charles Mady Javier Encinas … Pablo M. A. Pommerantzeff Paulo P. Fernandes Samira B. Leal Wilson Mathias Jr José L. Andrade José A. F. Ramires

The patient was a 70-year-old female with antecedents of diabetes mellitus and hypertension, being followed up in the outpatient care clinic due to chronic anemia after corrective surgery for angiodysplasia of the proximal jejunum, in whom an image suggestive of left atrial myxoma was found on routine transthoracic echocardiography. Then multiplanar transesophageal echocardiography and 3-dimensional echocardiography were performed, showing the latter better anatomical details of the tumor. The patient underwent exeresis of the mass with anatomicopathological confirmation of the tumor. Three-dimensional echocardiography proved to be a technique that can provide additional contributions to the diagnostic investigation of structural heart diseases.

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Artigo Original

Valve replacement with chordal preservation and valvuloplasty for chronic mitral insufficiency

José Luiz Dancini et al. Pablo Maria Alberto Pomerantzeff Guilherme Sobreira Spina Mírian Magalhães Pardi … Maria Clementina Pinto Giorgi Roney Orismar Sampaio Max Grinberg Sérgio Almeida de Oliveira

OBJECTIVE: To compare, from the clinical and laboratory points of view, 3 groups of patients undergoing surgical treatment for isolated chronic mitral insufficiency. One group underwent valvuloplasty, and the other 2 groups underwent mitral valve replacement with different techniques for chordal preservation. METHODS: Twenty-eight patients with a mean age of 54.1 years, no coronary or multivalvular disease, and no reoperation, underwent surgery as follows: 9 underwent valvuloplasty; 10 underwent mitral valve replacement with chordal preservation in both leaflets; and 9 underwent mitral valve replacement with chordal preservation only in the posterior leaflet. Clinical, Doppler echocardiographic, and radionuclide ventriculographic assessments were performed until the 6th month of follow-up. RESULTS: At the end, 88.8% of the patients were in functional class I. One died due to intracranial hemorrhage during anticoagulant treatment. The left ventricular diastolic diameter (P<0.0001) and end-diastolic volume (P<0.0001) decreased in the 3 groups. Only the patients undergoing valvuloplasty had a decrease in systolic diameter (P=0.0003) and in end-systolic volume (P=0.0040), with no change in the ejection fraction (P=0.5586). The patients undergoing mitral valve replacement had a similar drop in ejection fraction (P=0.0001 and P=0.0296). CONCLUSION: The 3 surgical techniques used provided clinical improvement. Patients undergoing valvuloplasty had better preservation of ventricular function. No significant difference was observed in cardiac performance between the 2 groups undergoing mitral valve replacement with chordal preservation within a 6-month follow-up.

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Artigo Original

Total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage: surgical therapy for the infradiaphragmatic and mixed anatomical types

Fernando Antibas Atik et al. Patricia Egusquiza Irun Miguel Barbero-Marcial Edmar Atik

OBJECTIVE: To study the in-hospital evolution of patients with the infradiaphragmatic and mixed types of total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage (TAPVD), who underwent surgical therapy. METHODS: Of the 65 patients diagnosed with isolated TAPVD and operated on from December 1993 to March 2002, 7 (10.8%) patients with the mixed and infradiaphragmatic forms were retrospectively selected. Their ages ranged from 5 days to 19 months (mean of 7 months), 5 (71.4%) were males, and their clinical diagnosis was established with 2-dimensional echocardiography. Four (57.1%) patients had the mixed form, which was intrinsic obstructive in 1 patient, with mild stenosis of the left inferior vein. The remaining 3 (42.9%) patients had the obstructive infradiaphragmatic form, extrinsic at the level of the diaphragm. All surgeries were performed through median sternotomy with hypothermic extracorporeal circulation, and total circulatory arrest was required in 2 patients. RESULTS: In-hospital death occurred in 1 patient with infradiaphragmatic TAPVD with connection of the inferior vertical vein with the portal vein. The cause of death was related to multisystem organ failure. In 4 (57.1%) patients, the postoperative period was characterized by the presence of low cardiac output and pulmonary hypertension. CONCLUSION: The result of the surgical correction of this anomaly is associated with acceptable morbidity and mortality, depending on early referral and surgery, without progression of the pulmonary vascular hypertension findings.

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Artigo Original

Eggplant (Solanum melongena) extract does not alter serum lipid levels

Juliana Marchiori Praça et al. Andréa Thomaz Bruno Caramelli

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of eggplant extract on serum lipid levels with that of lovastatin. METHODS: The study included 21 individuals of both sexes, with total cholesterol (TC) levels > 200 mg/dL, no diabetes, no contraindication for the use of statins, and no use of cholesterol-lowering drugs, divided into the following 3 groups: 1) the eggplant group (B), in which the patients drank 1 glass of eggplant extract with orange juice before breakfast each morning; 2) the statin group (E), in which the patients received 20 mg of lovastatin in the evening after dinner; 3) control group (C), in which the patients received no treatment. Total cholesterol and fractions (HDL, LDL), and triglycerides were measured 3 times at 3-week intervals. RESULTS: The baseline lipid levels were similar in the 3 groups. After 6 weeks, a significant reduction in TC levels (from 245.29 ± 41.69 to 205.71 ± 46.45; P=0.02) and in LDL-cholesterol levels (from 170.83 ± 41.76 to 121.29 ± 44.90; P=0.008) was observed in group E. In group B, total cholesterol (from 230.60 ± 19.30 to 240.20 ± 16.22; P=0.27) and LDL-cholesterol (from 139.60 ± 21.49 to 154.40 ± 9.66; P=0.06) showed no statistically significant variation, as in group C. No significant variation was observed in the HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the 3 groups throughout the study. CONCLUSION: The eggplant extract with orange juice is not to be considered an alternative to statins in reducing serum levels of cholesterol.

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Short- and long- term results of percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty in pulmonary valve stenosis

Correlation between evolution of the cognitive function and mortality after hospital discharge in elderly patients with advanced heart failure

Ebstein's anomaly: results of the conic reconstruction of the tricuspid valve

Vascular prosthesis infection in thoracic aorta surgery: review of the experience and a case report illustrating treatment with an unconventional technique

Left atrial myxoma: three-dimensional echocardiographic assessment

Valve replacement with chordal preservation and valvuloplasty for chronic mitral insufficiency

Total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage: surgical therapy for the infradiaphragmatic and mixed anatomical types

Eggplant (Solanum melongena) extract does not alter serum lipid levels

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