Obesity, Overweight, Body Adiposity and Cardiovascular Risk in Children and Adolescents

Obesity and overweight are considered a global public health problem and contribute strongly to several chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus (DM), cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cancer. More than 1.9 billion overweight adults are estimated, representing 39% of the world population, and 13% of obese adults. The World Health Organization estimated, for 2019, more than 38 million overweight or obese children under the age of five. Childhood obesity is associated with higher chances of premature death, increased risk of high blood pressure, DM and cancer. Besides, obese children have early CVD markers, increased risk of fractures, breathing difficulties and insulin resistance.

Obesity, as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, is related to increased levels of apolipoproteins B (ApoB) and consequent endothelial dysfunction. The presence of obesity and dyslipidemia during childhood reflects the development of cardiovascular morbidities in adulthood.

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