Pathology – ABC CARDIOL

ABC

Original Article

Vortioxetine’s Therapeutic Potential: Cardiac Responses to Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress in a Rat Model

Ozlem Ozmen et al. Serife Tasan Gulin Ozdamar Unal

Abstract

Background

Stress arises in response to threats or challenges, affecting both physical and mental health. While its harmful effects on the heart are widely recognized, cellular-level investigations remain limited. Antidepressants, including vortioxetine (VOR), are known to impact the cardiovascular system. VOR, used to treat major depressive disorder, is considered a promising option for patients with heart disease due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which may reduce cardiac damage.

Objectives

This study aimed to assess the effects of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) on rat hearts and evaluate VOR’s potential protective effects against stress-induced cardiac damage.

Methods

Twenty-eight male Wistar Albino rats were divided into four groups. The CUMS group experienced random daily stress for 6 weeks, while the CUMS+VOR group received VOR treatment alongside stress. VOR and control groups were not exposed to stress. Heart samples were examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically.

Results

The CUMS group showed increased hyperemia, hemorrhage, edema, vacuolar degeneration, and mononuclear cell infiltrations, with reduced troponin and IL-10 and increased caspase-3 and NF-κB expressions compared to the control group (p≤0.001). VOR treatment improved these findings, normalizing histopathological and immunohistochemical results.

Conclusions

CUMS caused significant cardiac damage in rats, while VOR treatment showed protective effects by alleviating these pathological changes.

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ABCHF

Review Article

Diuretic Combinations: Pathophysiology, Evidence, and Clinical Practice

Ricardo Mourilhe-Rocha et al. Pedro Fernandes Ribeiro Ana Luíza Ferreira Sales Pedro Pimenta de Mello Spineti … Felipe Neves de Albuquerque Marcelo Imbroinise Bittencourt

Abstract

Heart failure is a highly prevalent syndrome worldwide, including in Latin America, where prevalence rates are estimated at 1.2% to 2.1% of the population. This reality is no different in Brazil, where the syndrome is estimated to affect approximately 2% of the adult population, leading to an overwhelming financial impact of approximately 28.1 billion Brazilian reals in 2015 alone, when the total costs to society and the health system were measured. As if the broad economic impact were not enough, heart failure is also one of the leading causes and amplifiers of morbidity and mortality, including important prognostic asymmetries when comparing different socioeconomic realities among the population. In this context, given the unquestionable epidemiological and economic relevance of heart failure, the national BREATHE registry was carried out and published in 2015. It was able to assess that approximately 85.3% of heart failure decompensations in Brazil occurred in profiles with volume congestion, a result that remained similar in the study extension published in 2023. In this type of scenario, the use of diuretics is one of the central pillars of treatment, aiming to correct the volume status and relieve patients’ symptoms.

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ABCIC

Review Article

My Approach to Evaluate Systemic Venous Congestion: VExUS Protocol

Angelo Antunes Salgado et al. Marcos Paulo Lacerda Bernardo Fernando Melo Netto

Abstract

The use of non-invasive tools for analyzing systemic venous congestion in critically ill patients in the intensive care unit has been gaining increasing popularity for diagnosis, estimating the severity of congestion, and providing prognostic estimates. Patients with systemic congestion are more likely to develop renal dysfunction compared to those without congestion. In this review, the authors demonstrate how to perform systemic congestion analysis, its potential limitations, and its practical and objective applicability.

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ABC

Editorial

Foam Cells in Atherosclerosis

Paulo Sampaio Gutierrez

In the early stages of atherosclerotic lesions, there is an accumulation of lipids in the tunica intima, which, in this location, undergo modifications such as oxidation and become capable of inducing inflammatory reactions and, consequently, the progression of the pathological process. It is worth noting that there are indications that interactions with components present in this arterial layer are important for fats to be retained and, therefore, subject to the modifications above that bring them pro-inflammatory properties. In this sense, it is interesting to note that while most mammalian species have a “virtual” arterial intima – that is, at light microscopy, the endothelium appears to lie directly on the internal elastic lamina (although observation electron microscopy reveals that this is not the case) and are less susceptible to atherosclerotic disease, species in which there is an amount of tissue that can be seen at light microscopy separating the endothelium from the internal elastic lamina, such as rabbits, pigs, apes and, mainly, human beings ( ), are the ones that are prone to such alteration.

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Vortioxetine’s Therapeutic Potential: Cardiac Responses to Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress in a Rat Model

Abstract

Background

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Diuretic Combinations: Pathophysiology, Evidence, and Clinical Practice

Abstract

My Approach to Evaluate Systemic Venous Congestion: VExUS Protocol

Abstract

Foam Cells in Atherosclerosis

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Electronic Document Format (Vancouver)

Electronic Document Format (ABNT)

Electronic Document Format (APA)

Electronic Document Format (ISO)

Electronic Document Format (Vancouver)

Electronic Document Format (ABNT)

Electronic Document Format (APA)

Electronic Document Format (ISO)

Electronic Document Format (Vancouver)

Electronic Document Format (ABNT)

Electronic Document Format (APA)

Electronic Document Format (ISO)