Osteoprotegerin – ABC CARDIOL

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Editorial

Osteoprotegerin: A Biomarker in Chronic Kidney Disease

Biomarkers are biological indicators that can be quantified to assess normal or pathological biological processes and responses to various therapeutic interventions. They are found in various body fluids, such as blood, urine, or tissues, and help in the early diagnosis of some diseases, in addition to monitoring progression or evaluating the effectiveness of treatment. In addition to their importance in clinical diagnosis, they can estimate risk and prognosis. This is very well structured in processes whose inflammatory basis stands out in a multifactorial scenario, such as arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and chronic kidney disease (CKD).^,

CKD, which is a growing public health problem, is increasingly present in the cardiovascular (CV) disease scenario due to its high morbidity and mortality. It is at the evolutionary end of the CV continuum where the main risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia) have not been adequately treated. In addition, patients with CKD are still at a higher CV risk due to the presence of these factors that often remain without adequate treatment.

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Original Article

Osteoprotegerin and Vascular Dysfunction in Patients with Stage 3 Chronic Kidney Disease and Those without Renal Dysfunction: A Case-Control Study

Thalita de Oliveira Matos et al. Priscila Valverde de Oliveira Vitorino Rogerio Orlow Átila de Oliveira Melo … Diogo da Silva Amorim Gleidson Junio Oliveira Sousa Vanda Jorgetti Ana Luiza Lima Sousa Rodrigo Bezerra Weimar Kunz Sebba Barroso

Abstract

Background

Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a marker of vascular calcification and cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Objective

This study aimed to compare and correlate OPG values with flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurements in patients in stage 3 CKD and those without renal dysfunction.

Methods

This case-control study was conducted in a specialized hypertension center in 2022. A total of 79 patients over 18 years of age participated in the study. The case group consisted of 30 patients with moderate renal dysfunction (CKD stage 3) and the control group included 49 individuals with glomerular filtration rate ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m². The significance level adopted in the statistical analysis was 5%.

Results

Central pulse pressure (cPP), PWV, and augmentation index (AIx) were higher in patients with renal dysfunction. The serum OPG level positively correlated with peripheral and central systolic blood pressure, cPP, PWV, and AIx. Conversely, the serum OPG did not correlate with FMD.

Conclusions

OPG and PWV are possible biomarkers of vascular dysfunction that are altered in patients with moderate renal dysfunction. Despite limitations of this study, including that it was a case-control study conducted at a single center, it has the potential, as a proof of concept, to generate the hypothesis of OPG and PWV as biomarkers of early vascular damage in this population.