Infections represent an important emerging clinical problem that cause decompensation of heart failure (HF), and in many cases, life-threatening acute systemic disorder (sepsis) and septic shock. Cardiovascular system plays an important role in the development of multiorgan dysfunction in sepsis and refractory septic shock. Although intra-hospital death for sepsis decreased from 35% in 2000 to 18% in 2002, one third of patients die within one year after a septic event. Cardiovascular dysfunction significantly increases mortality rates in sepsis as compared with sepsis without cardiac dysfunction. Infection, per se, precipitates the occurrence of cardiac decompensation and is a direct marker of mortality in HF patients.

The study by Cardoso et al. report a high hospital infection rate (45.8%) and relevant mortality (21,5%) among patients with decompensated HF. Interestingly, during the first year after hospital discharge, mortality rate was lower in patients with infection as compared with those without infection (11.5%vs. 22.2%; p = 0.04).

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