Modern non-invasive imaging techniques like cardiovascular computed tomography (CCT) and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) can diagnose and monitor a wide range of cardiovascular diseases with unprecedented accuracy and safety. ^– With advances in the understanding of cardiovascular diseases and increasing availability of new and revolutionary therapies, detailed and quantitative information of disease stage have become crucial for the appropriate decision-making for each patient, which is one of the pillars of personalized medicine.

As an example, we can mention the high accuracy of CCT in the diagnosis and quantification of coronary atherosclerosis and stenosis ( ), and assessment of functional significance by the fractional flow reserve (FFR) technique. Considering recent knowledge of the role of characteristics of the plaque and the global burden of the atherosclerotic plaque involving the coronary tree on the prognosis of coronary artery disease (CAD), CCT has turned out to be a key tool in therapeutic decision making, be it for stenosis revascularization, be it for prevention of adverse cardiovascular events. Another example is the ability of CCT in monitoring the response of atherosclerotic plaques to advanced therapies, like those including PCSK9 inhibition by monoclonal antibodies or RNA interference. ^{– , –}

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