Statistical Analysis – ABC CARDIOL

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Original Article

Temporal Trend of Mortality Due to Ischemic Heart Diseases in Northeastern Brazil (1996–2016): An Analysis According to Gender and Age Group

Gibson Barros de Almeida Santana et al. Thiago Cavalcanti Leal João Paulo Silva de Paiva Leonardo Feitosa da Silva … Lucas Gomes Santos Tatiana Farias de Oliveira Rodrigo da Rosa Mesquita Jéssica Alves Gomes Carlos Dornels Freire de Souza Amanda Karine Barros Ferreira Rodrigues

Abstract

Background

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of death among cardiovascular diseases (CVD).

Objective

To describe the sociodemographic profile and analyze the trend in the mortality rate due to IHD, according to sex and by age group, in the states of the Northeast region of Brazil, from 1996 to 2016.

Methods

Ecological study involving IHD mortality in the northeastern states. Variables analyzed: sex, age, education, marital status, ICD-10 category and state of residence. Crude and standardized rates were calculated. Death data were collected from the Mortality Information System (SIM) and population data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). In temporal analyzes the regression model by inflection points was used, with the calculation of annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change of the period (AAPC). A 95% confidence interval and a significance level of 5% were considered.

Results

405916 deaths due to IHD were registered in the northeast region during the study period. The death profile is characterized by men (n=229006; 56,42%), elderly (n=301379; 74,25%), race/color brown (n=197936; 48,76%), elementary or <4 years at school (n=232599; 57,30%) and married (n=179599; 44,25%). There was an unusual highlight to the increase in the annual growth rate in the age group of adolescents (AAPC: 5,2%, p <0.01). The standardized regional mortality rate grew from 30,7 per 100,000 inhabitants in 1996 to 53.8 per 100,000 in 2016 (AAPC 2.8%; p<0.01). All nine states presented a statistically significant growth trend, with emphasis on Maranhão (AAPC 7,6%; p<0.01) and Piauí (AAPC 6,0%; p<0.01).

Conclusion

The prevalent observed profile was male, elderly, race/color brown, low education level and married. Mortality due to IHD presented an upward trend in all states, although with an uneven pattern among the federated units.

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Original Article

Prevalence of Dyslipidemia According to the Nutritional Status in a Representative Sample of São Paulo

Marcela Riccioppo Garcez et al. Jaqueline Lopes Pereira Mariane de Mello Fontanelli Dirce Maria Lobo Marchioni Regina Mara Fisberg

Background:

Overweight is one of the major public health problems in Brazil; it is associated with dyslipidemia, which is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases.

Objective:

To evaluate the lipid profile of residents of the municipality of São Paulo, state of São Paulo, according to the nutritional status.

Methods:

Data from the population-based cross-sectional study ISA-Capital 2008 on a sample of residents of São Paulo were used. Participants were categorized into groups according to body mass index and age range. The levels of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and non-HDL cholesterol were measured. The association between lipid profile, nutricional status, and waist circumference was investigated. The data were processed using the survey mode of the Stata 11.0 software.

Results:

The prevalence of any type of dyslipidemia in the population was 59.74%, with low HDL-cholesterol dyslipidemia being the most common type. Not overweight individuals had higher mean levels of HDL-cholesterol and lower levels of LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and non-HDL cholesterol when compared with the overweight group. The rate of inadequacy of these variables was higher in the overweight individuals, regardless of the age group, to the exception of LDL-cholesterol in the adults and elderly. A higher prevalence of isolated hypertriglyceridemia was observed in individuals with higher waist circumference among the adults and the total population.

Conclusion:

The results indicate an association between dyslipidemia and overweight in the population of the city of São Paulo. The most prevalent dyslipidemia in this population was low HDL-cholesterol.