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  2. Keyword: Hospitalization/economics
ABC
Editorial

Covid-19 in Brazil: Learning How to Walk in the Dark Without Leaving Anything Behind

Juliano Lara Fernandes

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic had its first case in Brazil on February 4, 2020 in the state of São Paulo. Like a real meteor, it practically paralyzed the planet without a more effective therapeutic approach to fight the virus, in addition to practices adopted worldwide only decades or even hundreds of years ago, with a very low level of robust modern evidence. Brazil had the advantage of previewing the pandemic as it was a few weeks behind its Asian and European peers, so it was able to identify the hits and failures of these countries in their preparation to face the problem.

We have then found out by chance that we have the world’s third biggest number of ICU beds, second only to the USA and Germany, but we are also faced with an enormous heterogeneity between states, limitations and bureaucracy for the purchase of personal protective equipment and testing kits. This has prevented some pandemic approaches taken by other countries from being adopted here, either due to the impossibility of a lockdown in a continental country, or due to the speed and costs to identify the cases of transmission. Besides, limitations on the number of tests to be done has left us without a precise guide as to the spread of the pandemic, making it difficult to plan the timely, orderly and efficient allocation of scarce resources.

[…]

  • Catastrófica Illness/mortality
  • Coronavirus
  • COVID-19
  • Diagnostic Tests/methds
  • Equity in Access to Health Services
  • Hospitalization/economics
  • Masks
  • Pandemics
  • Personal Protective Equipment
  • Ventilators Mechanical
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Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) Creative Commons license
03/07/2020 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20200445 Views 1
ABC
Editorial

Rheumatic Fever in Brazil: What Color Should It Be?

Chris T. Longenecker

Rheumatic fever (RF) and its valvular sequela rheumatic heart disease (RHD) have been a scourge on humanity for ages, and it is only relatively recently that high-income countries have seen rates of RF decline dramatically. Yet, the Global Burden of Disease Study estimates that more than 275,000 deaths due to RHD still occur every year around the world, especially in low and middle-income countries including Brazil.

In this issue of the journal, Figueiredo et al. have presented ambitious modeling of the disease burden and costs of RF and RHD in Brazil. Using data from the Hospital Information System of Brazil, their central findings are that mortality rates for RF and RHD have increased by 215% and 42.5% respectively from 1998 to 2016. Additionally, the estimated cost for procedures related to RF/RHD diagnosis, interventions such as valve surgery, and hospitalizations for RHD complications like stroke and endocarditis was nearly $27 million USD in 2019.

[…]

  • Antibiotic Prophylaxys/economics
  • Hospitalization/economics
  • Public Health Policy
  • Rheumatic Fever/ecomomics Heart Disease/economics, Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures/mortality
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Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) Creative Commons license
10/10/2019 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20190178 Views 1
Figure 1
ABC
Original Article

Rheumatic Fever: A Disease without Color

Estevão Tavares de Figueiredo et al. Luciana Azevedo Marcelo Lacerda Rezende Cristina Garcia Alves

Abstract

Background:

Brazil has approximately 30.000 cases of Acute Rheumatic Fever (ARF) annually. A third of cardiovascular surgeries performed in the country are due to the sequelae of rheumatic heart disease (RHD), which is an important public health problem.

Objectives:

to analyze the historical series of mortality rates and disease costs, projecting future trends to offer new data that may justify the need to implement a public health program for RF.

Methods:

we performed a cross-sectional study with a time series analysis based on data from the Hospital Information System of Brazil from 1998 to 2016. Simple linear regression models and Holt’s Exponential Smoothing Method were used to model the behavior of the series and to do forecasts. The results of the tests with a value of p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results:

each year, the number of deaths due to RHD increased by an average of 16.94 units and the mortality rate from ARF increased by 215%. There was a 264% increase in hospitalization expenses for RHD and RHD mortality rates increased 42.5% (p-value < 0.05). The estimated mortality rates for ARF and RHD were, respectively, 2.68 and 8.53 for 2019. The estimated cost for RHD in 2019 was US$ 26.715.897,70.

Conclusions:

according to the Brazilian reality, the 1-year RHD expenses would be sufficient for secondary prophylaxis (considering a Benzatin Penicillin G dose every 3 weeks) in 22.574 people for 10 years. This study corroborates the need for public health policies aimed at RHD.

  • Antibiotic Prophylaxys/economics
  • Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures/mortality
  • Hospitalization/economics
  • Public Health Policy
  • Rheumatic Fever
  • rheumatic heart disease
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Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) Creative Commons license
29/07/2019 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20190141 Views 1

How to cite this article

EndNote RIS

Electronic Document Format (Vancouver)

Fernandes JL. Covid-19 in Brazil: Learning How to Walk in the Dark Without Leaving Anything Behind. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia 2020;114(6):988-91.

Electronic Document Format (ABNT)

Fernandes, Juliano Lara. Covid-19 in Brazil: Learning How to Walk in the Dark Without Leaving Anything Behind. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, v. 114, n. 6, p. 988-991, Jul. 2020.

Electronic Document Format (APA)

Fernandes, J. L. (2020). Covid-19 in Brazil: Learning How to Walk in the Dark Without Leaving Anything Behind. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, 114(6), 988-991.

Electronic Document Format (ISO)

Fernandes, Juliano Lara. Covid-19 in Brazil: Learning How to Walk in the Dark Without Leaving Anything Behind. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia [online]. 2020, vol. 114, n. 6, [cited 2026-10-14], pp. 988-991. Available from: <https://journals.cardiol.br/en/article/covid-19-in-brazil-learning-how-to-walk-in-the-dark-without-leaving-anything-behind/>. ISSN 0066-782X

EndNote RIS

Electronic Document Format (Vancouver)

Longenecker CT. Rheumatic Fever in Brazil: What Color Should It Be?. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia 2019;113(3):355-6.

Electronic Document Format (ABNT)

Longenecker, Chris T.. Rheumatic Fever in Brazil: What Color Should It Be?. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, v. 113, n. 3, p. 355-356, Oct. 2019.

Electronic Document Format (APA)

Longenecker, C. T. (2019). Rheumatic Fever in Brazil: What Color Should It Be?. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, 113(3), 355-356.

Electronic Document Format (ISO)

Longenecker, Chris T.. Rheumatic Fever in Brazil: What Color Should It Be?. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia [online]. 2019, vol. 113, n. 3, [cited 2026-10-14], pp. 355-356. Available from: <https://journals.cardiol.br/en/article/rheumatic-fever-in-brazil-what-color-should-it-be/>. ISSN 0066-782X

EndNote RIS

Electronic Document Format (Vancouver)

Figueiredo ET, Azevedo L, Rezende ML, Alves CG. Rheumatic Fever: A Disease without Color. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia 2019;113(3):345-54.

Electronic Document Format (ABNT)

Figueiredo, Estevão Tavares de; Azevedo, Luciana; Rezende, Marcelo Lacerda; Alves, Cristina Garcia. Rheumatic Fever: A Disease without Color. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, v. 113, n. 3, p. 345-354, Jul. 2019.

Electronic Document Format (APA)

Figueiredo, E. T. , Azevedo, L., Rezende, M. L., & Alves, C. G. (2019). Rheumatic Fever: A Disease without Color. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, 113(3), 345-354.

Electronic Document Format (ISO)

Figueiredo, Estevão Tavares de and Azevedo, Luciana and Rezende, Marcelo Lacerda and Alves, Cristina Garcia. Rheumatic Fever: A Disease without Color. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia [online]. 2019, vol. 113, n. 3, [cited 2026-10-14], pp. 345-354. Available from: <https://journals.cardiol.br/en/article/rheumatic-fever-a-disease-without-color/>. ISSN 0066-782X

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