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Research Letter

Vasoplegic Syndrome under Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Successful Treatment with Methylene Blue

Ahmet Aydin et al. Banu Katlan Selman Kesici

Abstract

A vasoplegic syndrome is a state of hypotension that develops due to low systemic vascular resistance and is associated with a high mortality rate. Methylene blue is known to improve hypotension and reduce vasopressor requirements by increasing resistance in vasoplegia by inhibiting nitric oxide synthase. Here, we aimed to report on the use and effectiveness of methylene blue to treat severely hypotensive five vasoplegic syndrome cases despite extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. We concluded that Methylene blue can be used as a lifesaving treatment for vasoplegic syndrome refractory to standard supportive treatments, including ECMO.

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Hemodynamic and vascular endothelium function studies in healthy pigs after intravenous bolus infusion of methylene blue

Antonio Carlos Menardi et al. Fernanda Viaro Walter Vilella de Andrade Vicente Alfredo José Rodrigues Paulo Roberto Barbosa Évora

OBJECTIVE: Clinical benefit of methylene blue (MB) treating NO-induced vasoplegia has been reported in sepsis, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in cardiac surgery and anaphylactic shock, but its safety is sometimes questioned, mainly regarding its hemodynamic effects and the possibility of causing endothelium dysfunction. To examine the nitric oxide plasma levels and cardiovascular effects of the infusion of MB in vivo and its effects on endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent in vitro vascular relaxation. METHODS: The study protocol included two experimental groups of female pigs: Group I (Control) – the animals (n=6) did not receive MB; Group II (MB) – the animals received 3 mg/kg of MB intravenous bolus infusion. After fifteen minutes of hemodynamic parameter recording the animals were sacrificed by exsanguination, and in vitro studies were conducted using segments of coronary, hepatic, superior mesenteric and renal arteries, to determine the effect of MB on the arterial endothelium function with regard to NO release. Nitric oxide plasma levels (NOx) were measured in each of the experimental groups. RESULTS: The results obtained in the present investigation were: 1) intravenous infusion of MB (3.0 mg/kg) caused no hemodynamic changes; 2) absolute and percent plasma NOx values did not differ between the experimental groups; and 3) in vitro study of vascular relaxation showed no significant difference between groups. These results show that MB intravenous infusion seems to be safe. This finding agrees with data from clinical experiments where MB was used to treat vasoplegic syndrome after cardiopulmonary bypass, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and anaphylaxis. These results were not unexpected because, as in healthy subjects, hemodynamics is only fine tuned and not fully under NO control; therefore, MB inhibiting guanylyl cyclase is not expected to do anything. CONCLUSION: Intravenous use of MB, at the investigated dose, did not cause any abnormal hemodynamic responses or impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation.

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Vasoplegic Syndrome under Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Successful Treatment with Methylene Blue

Abstract

Hemodynamic and vascular endothelium function studies in healthy pigs after intravenous bolus infusion of methylene blue

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Electronic Document Format (Vancouver)

Electronic Document Format (ABNT)

Electronic Document Format (APA)

Electronic Document Format (ISO)