Monocytes – ABC CARDIOL

IJCS

Editorial

Monocyte Inflammatory Signaling

The human race evolves and is increasingly exposed to new risk factors that increase the chance of acute cardiovascular events. Today, classic risk factors include pollution, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, individual income, marital status, stress due to injuries of all kinds, economic factors, and others.

Observational studies have shown an upward trend towards an increase in deaths from cardiovascular disease due to exposure to risk factors, lack of more efficient control, adherence to treatments, policies for drug distribution, in addition to the possibility of diagnosing the disease. The scenario observed by the high rates of obesity, overweight, sedentary lifestyle, diabetes, high blood pressure, and smoking is far from ideal, and, in relation to new risk factors, the situation is still very early.^,

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IJCS

Original Article

Biomarker-associated Monocyte Inflammatory Signaling in Myocardial Infarction

Raphael Boesche Guimarães et al. Julio Marchini Luz Marina Gomez Rogério Sarmento Leite … Oscar Dutra Iran Castro André Luiz Manica

Abstract

Background:

Monocytes are essential components in inflammatory signaling, and their recruitment is crucial in the signaling pathway, which directs and determines cell adhesion to the activated endothelium. A better understanding of the correlation between monocyte subsets and inflammatory signaling in patients with atherosclerotic disease in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is essential for the development of more effective therapies for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Objective:

To analyze differences between biomarkers and monocyte activation in the setting of ischemic heart disease.

Methods:

This was a case-control study comparing biomarkers and monocyte subsets between patients with ACS with and without ST-segment elevation and individuals without coronary stenosis. The nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test was used to assess differences between groups, and Dunn’s post hoc test was used to identify which groups were different. Cuzick’s test for ordered group trends was used to assess falling or rising trends. Participants were classified into 3 groups: control (0); non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) (1); ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) D1 (2).

Results:

Forty-seven patients with ACS and 19 controls with no obstructive lesions on coronary angiography were recruited. Monocyte profile assessment was statistically different regarding time of symptom onset and the presence or absence of atherosclerotic disease (Kruskal-Wallis, p = 0.0009). Dunn’s post hoc test showed a significant difference between the control group and the STEMI D1 (p = 0.0014), STEMI D3 (p = 0.0036), and STEMI D7 (p = 0.0195) groups, corresponding to a 2-fold increase in classical (p = 0.0022) and nonclassical (p = 0.0031) monocytes compared with controls. For classical monocytes, there was a difference between the control group and all STEMI groups and between the NSTEMI group and the STEMI D1, D3, and D7 groups. For nonclassical monocytes, there was a difference between the control group and the STEMI D7 group (p = 0.0056) and between the NSTEMI group and the STEMI D7 group (p = 0.0166).

Conclusion:

This study found that there was an increase in total and classical monocyte mobilization at the time of acute myocardial infarction in patients with ACS.

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IJCS

Original Article

Inflammation and Nocturnal Pattern of Blood Pressure in Normotensives

Seyda Gunay et al. Serhat Çalışkan Deniz Sigirli

Abstract

Background:

In most healthy individuals, blood pressure (BP) shows a circadian rhythm. Being non-dipper increases cardiovascular risk in normotensive and hypertensive individuals. Nocturnal dipping shows a correlation with the state of inflammation.

Objetive:

To investigate the relationship between inflammation-based indexes and nocturnal BP pattern in normotensive individuals.

Method:

This is a retrospective study that included patients evaluated with ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM). A total of 131 normotensive individuals were included and grouped as dippers and non-dippers. The normality of the data was verified with a Shapiro-Wilk test. We compared ABPM variables and inflammation-based indexes derived from blood tests (monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio [MHR], platelet to lymphocyte ratio [PLR], neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio [NLR], and systemic immune-inflammation index [SII]) between groups. The independent samples t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for comparing variables with normal and non-normal distributions, respectively. The Pearson’s chi-squared test was used to compare categorical variables, and Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to examine the relationships between variables. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic performances of inflammation-based indexes. The level of statistical significance was 5%.

Results:

The study included 131 patients (mean±standard deviation [SD] age 49.2±15.1 years, 58 [76.0%] of which were women). SII was significantly higher in the non-dipper group (p=0.033). Significant negative correlations were observed between the change in systolic BP [ΔSBP] and SII (r=-0.172, p=0.049) and between ΔSBP and PLR (r=-0.179, p=0.040).

Conclusion:

SII is a predictor of nocturnal BP pattern in normotensives.

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Monocyte Inflammatory Signaling

Biomarker-associated Monocyte Inflammatory Signaling in Myocardial Infarction

Abstract

Background:

Objective:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusion:

Inflammation and Nocturnal Pattern of Blood Pressure in Normotensives

Abstract

Background:

Objetive:

Method:

Results:

Conclusion:

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