Metabolism – ABC CARDIOL

IJCS

Letter to the Editor

Metabolic Challenges in The Semiarid Region: A Critical Analysis of Nutritional Transition and Early Cardiovascular Risk

Leonardo Alves Santos et al. Álvaro Eduardo Santos Oliveira Beatriz Vitória Carvalho Lordêlo Luis Antonio Cavalcanti Matias … Rodrigo Mendes Pedro Pereira Tenório

Dear Editor,

We had the opportunity to review the article entitled “Assessment of Overweight/Obesity and Elevation of Blood Pressure in Schools in Rural and Urban Area in the Backlands of Bahia.” We would like to congratulate the authors for their initiative in investigating a pediatric cohort in a region marked by social and climatic vulnerability, frequently underrepresented in scientific literature, as well as for highlighting the relevance of addressing childhood obesity and arterial hypertension – two major cardiovascular risk factors with direct impact on future morbidity and mortality.

[…]

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Original Article

Intestinal Microbiota and Cardiovascular Diseases

Protásio L. da Luz et al. Elisa Alberton Haas Desiderio Favarato

Abstract

Recently, gut microbiota has emerged as an important mediator of several diseases such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension, obesity, cancers and neuropsychiatric diseases including Alzheimer, autism and depression. Intestinal microbiota is formed by bacteria, fungi and viruses and its main function is to facilitate the absorption and metabolism of foods (protein, fat and carbohydrate). One example of the multiple actions of the gut microbiota is the bidirectional relationship between the intestine and the brain, the so-called “gut/brain axis”. Furthermore, metabolites produced by gut microbiota can induce effects locally or at distance, which suggests that the intestine is an endocrine organ. Given the participation of the gut microbiota in several diseases, there is great interest in strategies that may positively affect the gut flora and prevent or even treat diseases. Among these strategies, lifestyle change, but specially diet modulation has gained importance. In this article, we review the mechanisms through which intestinal microbiota participates in cardiovascular diseases and possible therapeutic interventions.

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Original Article

Plasma Renin in Women Using and not Using Combined Oral Contraceptive

Sidney de Souza Oliveira et al. Jefferson Petto Diego Passos Diogo Alan Carlos Nery dos Santos … Marvyn de Santana do Sacramento Ana Marice Teixeira Ladeia

Abstract

Backgroud:

Recent studies show that women on combined oral contraceptives (COC) present abnormal fasting lipid profile, increased postprandial lipemia, plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) and blood pressure (BP) compared to women not on combined oral contraceptives. Plasma renin is one of the factors responsible for abnormal BP.

Objectives:

To assess plasma renin levels in women using or not using COC, the correlation between renin and CRP, as well as divergences in lipid profile.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study with apparently healthy women aged 20 to 30, eutrophic, irregularly active, and with fasting triglycerides < 150 mg/dL. The sample was stratified into two groups: the No Combined Oral Contraceptive Group (NCOCG), comprised of women who did not use any type of hormone contraceptive, and the Combined Oral Contraceptive Group (COCG) comprised of women on low-dose COC for at least one year. After a 12-hour fast, 5 ml of blood was collected for renin dosing and PCR. Data were analyzed by the t-Test and bidirectional Mann-Whitney Test, both with significance < 0.05.

Results:

We evaluated 44 women equally distributed between the groups, age 23 ± 1.2 years, BMI 21.0 ± 3.2 kg/m². Median and interquartile deviation of renin in the NCOCG and the COCG were, respectively, 0.5 (0.1-1.0) and 3.0 (2-6) (p < 0.01). A positive correlation between PCR and renin (p < 0.01 and r = 0.68) was found.

Conclusion:

The plasma renin levels of women using COC were higher, with a strong correlation with CRP.

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Original Article

Hemodynamic, Metabolic and Ventilatory Responses to Exercise in Adults with Congenital Heart Disease

Pablo Marino Corrêa Nascimento et al. Daniel Arkader Kopiler Fernando Cesar de Castro e Souza Maria Carolina Terra Cola … Marina Pereira Coelho Gabriella de Oliveira Lopes Eduardo Tibiriçá

Abstract

Background:

Congenital heart disease in adults shares some features with heart failure (HF), including exercise intolerance, ventilatory inefficiency, inflammatory and neurohormonal activation, cardiac arrhythmias and myocardial fibrosis. Over the last years, cardiopulmonary exercise test has gained importance in the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of congenital heart diseases, as has already occurred in HF.

Objective:

To describe the behavior of hemodynamic, metabolic and ventilatory parameters in response to exercise in adults with congenital heart disease.

Methods:

Observational cross-sectional study evaluating 31 adults with congenital acyanotic or cyanotic heart disease, treated clinically, surgically or percutaneously, referred for cardiopulmonary exercise test. A descriptive analysis of the data was performed.

Results:

Patients aged 35.7 ± 14.2 years were included. Oxygen consumption (VO₂) was 44.86 ± 18.01% of predicted at peak exercise and 36.92 ± 12.93% of predicted maximal VO₂ at anaerobic threshold. We found an oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES) of 1.49 ± 0.89 (61.43 ± 26.63% of predicted), oxygen pulse of 58.90 ± 22.24% and increment in systolic arterial pressure during exercise was 31.42 ± 21.60 mmHg.

Conclusion:

Adults with congenital heart disease had similar responses to heart failure patients during exercise – reduced aerobic capacity, ventilatory inefficiency for oxygen consumption and limited inotropic response to exercise, characterized by reduced oxygen pulse and small increase in systolic arterial pressure.

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Metabolic Challenges in The Semiarid Region: A Critical Analysis of Nutritional Transition and Early Cardiovascular Risk

Intestinal Microbiota and Cardiovascular Diseases

Abstract

Plasma Renin in Women Using and not Using Combined Oral Contraceptive

Abstract

Backgroud:

Objectives:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusion:

Hemodynamic, Metabolic and Ventilatory Responses to Exercise in Adults with Congenital Heart Disease

Abstract

Background:

Objective:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusion:

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