Echocardiographic Assessment of Diastolic Dysfunction in Special Situations

Abstract

Echocardiographic assessment of diastolic function and left ventricular (LV) filling pressures is fundamental to the evaluation of dyspnea and the management of heart failure. However, conventional algorithms have limitations in several special clinical settings in which rhythm disturbances, valvular heart disease, pulmonary hypertension (PH), or structural cardiac abnormalities interfere with the interpretation of Doppler parameters. This article presents a practical approach to assessing diastolic function in conditions such as atrial fibrillation (AF), PH, mitral valve disease, mitral annular calcification, aortic valve disease, conduction disturbances, ventricular pacing, and restrictive cardiomyopathies. The main parameters applicable to each context, the technical aspects of image acquisition, and strategies for preparing a clear and clinically useful echocardiographic report are discussed.