Ana Carolina Costa Redondo et al. Gabriela Fuenmayor Karen Saori Shiraishi Simone Rolim F Fontes … Patrícia Figueiredo Elias Rogerio Souza Ieda Biscegli Jatene
Introduction
Congestive heart failure (CHF) occurs when the heart can no longer maintain the baseline metabolic demand triggered by physiological venous pressure. In the pediatric population, it corresponds to a complex entity with multiple etiologies, depending on the age group assessed, being mainly associated with congenital structural malformations, cardiomyopathies, or secondary to arrhythmogenic, infectious, ischemic, toxic or infiltrative events.
The incidence of CHF in children also varies according to the underlying condition, ranging from 15% to 25% in patients with congenital heart defects. In structurally normal hearts, cardiomyopathy is the major factor associated with CHF, with a 40% incidence of CHF reported in those patients.
[…]
