Muscle, Smooth, Vascular

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Editorial

Influence of Atorvastatin on Intimal Hyperplasia in the Experimental Model

Mariana Gatto et al. Luana Urbano Pagan Gustavo Augusto Ferreira Mota

Despite the significant advance in cardiovascular biomedicine in recent years, which provided a better understanding of the pathophysiology of coronary artery disease (CAD) as well as its prevention and treatment, this disease is still responsible for considerable mortality.

The CAD results from the pathological accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques in the coronary arteries that can lead to their occlusion and ischemia of the cardiac tissue. Among the treatments used for CAD, stands out the venous graft (VG), a type of surgical intervention for coronary artery bypass grafting. However, in the long term, there is a high rate of obstruction of VG, with expansive remodeling and increased deposition of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), which can cause intimal hyperplasia (IH), atherosclerosis and thrombosis.^, The IH is closely related to restenosis of the VG and begins in response to certain stress, which triggers inflammatory process and consequent endothelial dysfunction with proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC).^,

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Original Article

Effects of a Single Bout of Resistance Exercise in Different Volumes on Endothelium Adaptations in Healthy Animals

Marcelo Mendonça Mota et al. Tharciano Luiz Teixeira Braga da Silva Fabricio Nunes Macedo Thássio Ricardo Ribeiro Mesquita … Lucindo José Quintans Júnior Valter Joviniano de Santana-Filho Sandra Lauton-Santos Márcio Roberto Viana Santos

Abstract

Background:

Resistance exercise (RE) has been recommended for patients with cardiovascular diseases. Recently, a few studies have demonstrated that the intensity of a single bout of RE has an effect on endothelial adaptations to exercise. However, there is no data about the effects of different volumes of RE on endothelium function.

Objective:

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of different volumes of RE in a single bout on endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in the mesenteric artery of healthy animals.

Methods:

Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: Control (Ct); low-volume RE (LV, 5 sets x 10 repetitions) and high-volume RE (HV, 15 sets x 10 repetitions). The established intensity was 70% of the maximal repetition test. After the exercise protocol, rings of mesenteric artery were used for assessment of vascular reactivity, and other mesenteric arteries were prepared for detection of measure NO production by DAF-FM fluorescence. Insulin responsiveness on NO synthesis was evaluated by stimulating the vascular rings with insulin (10 nM).

Results:

The maximal relaxation response to insulin increased in the HV group only as compared with the Ct group. Moreover, the inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis (L-NAME) completely abolished the insulin-induced vasorelaxation in exercised rats. NO production showed a volume-dependent increase in the endothelial and smooth muscle layer. In endothelial layer, only Ct and LV groups showed a significant increase in NO synthesis when compared to their respective group under basal condition. On the other hand, in smooth muscle layer, NO fluorescence increased in all groups when compared to their respective group under basal condition.

Conclusions:

Our results suggest that a single bout of RE promotes vascular endothelium changes in a volume-dependent manner. The 15 sets x 10 repetitions exercise plan induced the greatest levels of NO synthesis.

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Original Article

Jabuticaba-Induced Endothelium-Independent Vasodilating Effect on Isolated Arteries

Daniela Medeiros Lobo de Andrade et al. Leonardo Luis Borges Ieda Maria Sapateiro Torres Edemilson Cardoso da Conceição Matheus Lavorenti Rocha

Abstract

Background:

Despite the important biological effects of jabuticaba, its actions on the cardiovascular system have not been clarified.

Objectives:

To determine the effects of jabuticaba hydroalcoholic extract (JHE) on vascular smooth muscle (VSM) of isolated arteries.

Methods:

Endothelium-denuded aortic rings of rats were mounted in isolated organ bath to record isometric tension. The relaxant effect of JHE and the influence of K⁺ channels and Ca²⁺ intra- and extracellular sources on JHE-stimulated response were assessed.

Results:

Arteries pre-contracted with phenylephrine showed concentration-dependent relaxation (0.380 to 1.92 mg/mL). Treatment with K⁺ channel blockers (tetraethyl-ammonium, glibenclamide, 4-aminopyridine) hindered relaxation due to JHE. In addition, phenylephrine-stimulated contraction was hindered by previous treatment with JHE. Inhibition of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺ ATPase did not change relaxation due to JHE. In addition, JHE inhibited the contraction caused by Ca²⁺ influx stimulated by phenylephrine and KCl (75 mM).

Conclusion:

JHE induces endothelium-independent vasodilation. Activation of K⁺ channels and inhibition of Ca²⁺ influx through the membrane are involved in the JHE relaxant effect.

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Influence of Atorvastatin on Intimal Hyperplasia in the Experimental Model

Effects of a Single Bout of Resistance Exercise in Different Volumes on Endothelium Adaptations in Healthy Animals

Abstract

Background:

Objective:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusions:

Jabuticaba-Induced Endothelium-Independent Vasodilating Effect on Isolated Arteries

Abstract

Background:

Objectives:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusion:

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