Maury-Sintjago Eduard et al. Parra-Flores Julio Rodríguez-Fernández Alejandra
Cardiometabolic disease (CMD) is the principal cause of morbi-mortality worldwide. The risk factors in the development of CMD are diverse; understanding them significantly contributes to the design of clinical and/or community strategies for their prevention and/or treatment. An unhealthy diet, cigarette smoking, sedentary lifestyle, and higher alcohol consumption significantly increase the risk of CMD, cancer, loss of healthy life years, and premature mortality.
In a systematic review by Meader et al., 37 studies were proposed in order to evaluate risk behaviors such as smoking, physical inactivity, and unhealthy diet by a meta-analysis. A greater association was found when groups of risk factors co-existed (≥ 4) compared with individual risk factors. Alcohol abuse and smoking were the most commonly identified risk factors. They also reported that the socioeconomic level is a predictor of multiple risks. On the other hand, in a cohort study of more than 20 years, mortality associated with 1, 2, 3, or 4 risk factors was 1.85 (C I 95%, 1.28-2.68), 2.23 (CI 95%, 1.55-3.20), 2.76 (CI 95%, 1.91-3.99), and 3.49 (CI 95%, 2.31-5.26), respectively. The risk of mortality by CMD was higher than for other causes of death such as cancer.
[…]