1998;70(4) – ABC CARDIOL

Relato de Caso

Peripartum cardiomyopathy. A critical analysis of immunosupression

Heron Rached et al. Roberto de Cleva Ronaldo Pinheiro Pedro Gregório Mekhitarian Ricardo Mazzieri

The authors review the literature about peripartum cardiomyopathy and describe a case of a white woman, 31 years old, primipara, who developed myocardial failure six hours after caesarian operation, with good results after immunossupressive therapy.

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Artigo Original

Evaluation of the arrhythmogenic profile of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and reduced ejection fraction

Ivan G. Maia et al. Cantidio Drumond Neto Marcelo Montera Lilian Soares da Costa Paulo A. G. Alves

PURPOSE: To evaluate the arrhythmogenic profile of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy of low ejection fraction and its prognostic significance. METHODS: Data from 40 patients (30 males; mean age: 52±13 years) were analysed including ventricular arrhythmias (24h – Holter monitoring), autonomic balance from heart rate variability in time domain (rMSSD and pNN50 indexes), ventricular late potentials (signal averaged electrocardiogram (ECG)) and dispersion of ventricular repolarization measured from 12-lead ECG. RESULTS: There was a high prevalence of ventricular arrhythmias with at least one episode of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) in 60% of the patients. Depressed vagal activity was observed in more than half of the patients. In only 30% of the patients the signal-averaged ECG was positive. The dispersion of ventricular repolarization ranged from 20 to 100ms. The presence of >30 ventricular premature beats or nonsustained VT on Holter monitoring was the most significant predictor of cardiac death and sudden cardiac death with a relative risk of 1.9 and 3.2, respectively (p= 0.01 and 0.000). CONCLUSION: In this study population it was noted that patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and low ejection fraction had an abnormal electrical and autonomic cardiac behaviour. These findings could represent risk factors for the ocurrence of life-threatening arrhythmias or fatal events.

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Artigo Original

Blood cell count, sodium, potassium, calcium, osmolality and viscosity, during pediatric angiocardiography with ioxaglate

Mauro Regis Silva Moura et al. Flávio Leboute Carlos Antonio Mascia Gottschall

PURPOSE: Children’s blood changes during angiocardiography may not be only due to the contrast media (CM). METHODS: We studied the presence and severity of changes in those parameters in 35 pediatric patients undergoing angiocardiography with ioxaglate aiming to identify independent variables responsible for those changes. Blood samples were taken at the beginning of the procedure (S1), at the end (S2) and two hours later (S3). RESULTS: Hematocrit: S1= 47.3±6.9%; S2= 40.7± 7.4% (p<0.001), (related to the CM volume r=0.37, p<0.05). Hemoglobin: S1= 15±2.1g%; S2= 13.2±2.4g% (p<0.001), and S3= 12.7±2.5g% (NS). White blood cell count: S1= 7940±3040 leukocytes/mm³; S2= 6950± 2700/mm³ (NS); S3= 10830±4690 leukocytes/mm³, (p<0.001). Procedure duration (r=0.38, p<0.05) and 5% glucose fluid given between S2 and S3 (r=0.49, p<0.05) were isolated. Sodium: S1= 134.5±0.4mEq/L; S2= 130.7±0.4mEq/L (p<0.001) (due to 5% glucose fluid injected, r=0.61, p<0.01). Potassium: S1= 4.22±0.45mEq/L, S2= 3.83±0.4mEq/L (p<0.001). Calcium: S1= 9.13± 1.03mg%; S2= 8.4±0.91mg/dL. (related to the CM, r=0.43, p<0.01.) Osmolality: S1= 293.3±12.5mOsm/kg; S2= 300.6±13.3mOsm/kg (p<0.001). Viscosity: S1= 3.36±0.81; S2= 3.09±0.74 (p<0.01); S3= 3.87±0.89, p<0.001. There was an indirect linear regression with the CM. CONCLUSION: There were profound differences among the dependent variables observed but the ioxaglate was partially related to changes in hematocrit/ hemoglobin, total calcium and viscosity. We failed to demonstrate significant regression coefficient between CM and changes in leukocytes, sodium, potassium, and osmolality.

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Artigo Original

The value of exercise test in the prognosis of asymptomatic patients with significant aortic valve stenosis

Marisa Campos Moraes Amato et al. Paulo Jorge Moffa

PURPOSE: To evaluate the exercise test as a prognostic factor for asymptomatic patients with aortic valve stenosis. METHODS: During 60 months 70 patients with aortic valve area <1cm² without any other heart lesion were studied. The patients underwent Dopplerechocardiograms exercise tests (considered positive in the presence of electrocardiographic changes or symptoms) and clinical follow-up in order to determine the onset of symptoms or sudden death. RESULTS: The event-free probability was 50% after 16 months of follow-up. There was no relationship between the occurence of events and the sex or to the transvalvar gradient. However, there was a statistically significant association between the incidence of events (p= 0.0124), valvar area (p= 0.0003) and exercise test results (p= 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Patients with significant aortic stenosis even without symptoms, have a low survival rate and the exercise test is a good prognostic factor during follow-up.

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Relato de Caso

Acute paraplegia. A rare complication of aortic dissection

Renato Côrtes de Lacerda et al. Patrícia Bernard Andrea Evaristo Machado Neto Carlos Baptista de Figueiredo … Alfredo Brasil Teixeira Paulo Cézar Monteiro de Carvalho

A 67 year-old normotensive woman had a syncope followed by shock and remained anuric after hemodynamic stabilization. Paraplegia and paresis of the right upper limb, as well as signs of ischemia of the distal lower limbs were noted. The possibility of acute aortic dissection was raised and confirmed by computed tomography. The paraplegia was attributed to an ischemic infarction of the spinal cord. The patient died on the fourth hospital day due to a pericardial tamponade. This rare and not well recognized complication of aortic dissection is briefly reviewed.

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Artigo Original

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in individuals with exaggerated blood pressure response to exercise, influence of exercise training

Eliudem Galvão Lima et al. Fernando Herkenhoff Elisardo Corral Vasquez

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of exercise training on ergometric test and Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) in normotensive individuals with exaggerated blood pressure response to exercise. METHODS: We studied 22 sedentary and normotensive subjects (mean 44±1 years old) showing an exaggerated systolic blood pressure response (SBP>220mmHg) during a cycloergometric test. These individuals were divided in two groups: sedentary hyperreactive group (SHG) and trained hyperreactive group (THG). The THG was submitted to a 4 month aerobic exercise training program. RESULTS: A program of moderate aerobic exercise did not reduce (P>0.05) ABPM blood pressure levels. However, in the submaximal loads of dynamic exercise we observed a significant fall in the SBP and heart rate (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Normotensive individuals with exaggerated blood pressure response to dynamical exercise submitted to physical training presented a reduction in their systolic blood pressure and heart rate response during the submaximal loads of the cycloergometric test. The ABPM blood pressure values, however, did not change in both groups. These results suggest the involvement of the sympathetic nervous system in the exaggerated blood pressure response observed in these individuals during dynamic exercise and a corresponding reduction of the sympathetic tonus after training. This effect, apparently, did not extend to their daily activities.

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Peripartum cardiomyopathy. A critical analysis of immunosupression

Evaluation of the arrhythmogenic profile of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and reduced ejection fraction

Blood cell count, sodium, potassium, calcium, osmolality and viscosity, during pediatric angiocardiography with ioxaglate

The value of exercise test in the prognosis of asymptomatic patients with significant aortic valve stenosis

Acute paraplegia. A rare complication of aortic dissection

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in individuals with exaggerated blood pressure response to exercise, influence of exercise training

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