Cardiovascular Health – ABC CARDIOL

IJCS

Editorial

Literacy in Cardiovascular Health: A Strategic Tool in Anticoagulation

Oral anticoagulation (OAC) with warfarin is still widely used in various clinical situations, such as in metallic prostheses. However, managing warfarin presents well-known challenges, including its narrow therapeutic range, long half-life, frequent drug and food interactions, and genetic variations. Additionally, poor adherence to treatment and lack of awareness about atrial fibrillation (AF) and anticoagulation itself significantly contribute to unfavorable clinical outcomes. Even with the use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), there are still peculiarities among the different therapeutic options, which are often poorly communicated to the patient. This compromises the necessary understanding for effective disease management and highlights gaps in patient knowledge.

Social determinants of health play a fundamental role in individuals’ health conditions. Factors such as race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, education level, environment, and climate, among others, have a direct impact on the incidence and management of chronic diseases, such as AF. Several studies indicate that people in situations of socioeconomic vulnerability — including low income, low education levels, and unemployment — show a higher prevalence of AF.^–

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Disparities in Women's Cardiovascular Health in Brazil

Larissa Franco de Andrade et al. Paolo Blanco Villela Jose Lucas Peres Bichara Luiz Antonio Viegas de Miranda Bastos Glaucia Maria Moraes de Oliveira

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death in women worldwide, responsible for 30.4% of female deaths in 2021, according to the Global Burden Disease (GBD) study. In Brazil, between 1990 and 2020, CVD was the leading cause of death in the female population, represented mainly by ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke. In 2021, during the coronavirus pandemic period, COVID-19 was the major cause of death among Brazilian women, reaching 21.9% of total deaths, and the percentage of deaths attributed to IHD and CVD was 8.5% and 7.8%, respectively (). Additionally, from 1990 to 2021, proportional mortality from CVD was higher in females compared to males, with a similar percentage of deaths from IHD between the sexes and a higher percentage of deaths from stroke in women.

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IJCS

Editorial

Cardiovascular Benefits of Plant-Based Diets

Marcella Rodrigues Guedes et al. Márcia Regina Simas Torres Klein

Increasing evidence suggests that plant-based dietary patterns, characterized by higher intake of plant foods and lower intake of animal foods, confer benefits to cardiovascular health.^– Vegetarian diets are a subset of plant-based diets that exclude some or all animal products (vegan diets).

A meta-analysis of 86 cross-sectional and 10 cohort prospective studies evaluated the association between vegetarian, vegan diets, risk factors for chronic diseases, risk of all-cause mortality, incidence, and mortality from cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. The overall analysis of cross-sectional studies revealed significantly reduced levels of body mass index, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and glucose levels in vegetarians and vegans compared with omnivores. In relation to cohort studies, the analysis showed a significantly reduced risk of incidence and/or mortality from ischemic heart disease by 25%.

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Literacy in Cardiovascular Health: A Strategic Tool in Anticoagulation

Disparities in Women's Cardiovascular Health in Brazil

Cardiovascular Benefits of Plant-Based Diets

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Formato de Documento Eletrônico (Vancouver)

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