vegetarian diet – ABC CARDIOL

IJCS

Editorial

Cardiovascular Benefits of Plant-Based Diets

Marcella Rodrigues Guedes et al. Márcia Regina Simas Torres Klein

Increasing evidence suggests that plant-based dietary patterns, characterized by higher intake of plant foods and lower intake of animal foods, confer benefits to cardiovascular health.^– Vegetarian diets are a subset of plant-based diets that exclude some or all animal products (vegan diets).

A meta-analysis of 86 cross-sectional and 10 cohort prospective studies evaluated the association between vegetarian, vegan diets, risk factors for chronic diseases, risk of all-cause mortality, incidence, and mortality from cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. The overall analysis of cross-sectional studies revealed significantly reduced levels of body mass index, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and glucose levels in vegetarians and vegans compared with omnivores. In relation to cohort studies, the analysis showed a significantly reduced risk of incidence and/or mortality from ischemic heart disease by 25%.

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IJCS

Original Article

Better Adequacy of Food Intake According to Dietary Recommendations of National Cholesterol Education Program in Vegetarian Compared to Omnivorous Men

Luiza Antoniazzi et al. Julio Acosta-Navarro Adriana Midori Oki Maria Carlos Bonfim Maria Cristina Almeida Gaspar

Abstract

Background

The lower frequency of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors observed in vegetarians compared to omnivores may be due to more appropriate nutrient intake according to recommendations for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

Objective

To compare the dietary adequacy according to the recommendations of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) in apparently healthy vegetarian (VEG) and omnivorous (OMN) men.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study, conducted with apparently healthy men (44 omnivorous and 44 vegetarians, ≥ 35 years), who were assessed for daily food consumption, anthropometric data, physical exercise status, and clinical data. Multiple logistic regression was used to test the association between the type of diet and the dietary adequacy. Significant values were considered for p<0.05.

Results

Several clinical CV risk markers were significantly lower in VEG when compared to OMN: body mass index (BMI) (23.1 vs. 27.3 kg/m2), systolic blood pressure (119.5 vs. 129.2 mmHg), and diastolic blood pressure (75.7 vs. 83.9 mmHg). VEG presented significant lower values of blood lipids and glucose. No significant difference was observed in caloric intake; however, VEG consumed significantly more carbohydrates, dietary fibers, and polyunsaturated fats. VEG presented an adequate consumption of dietary cholesterol and saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, regardless of caloric intake and age.

Conclusion

VEG were more likely to consume saturated fatty acids, dietary cholesterol, and fibers according to the recommendations of NCEP, factors that may contribute to lower levels of CV risk markers than OMN.

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Original Article

Vegetarian Diets and Cardiovascular Risk in Women

Bianca Oliveira et al. Luciana Nicolau Aranha Priscila dos Santos Gomes Olivares Tamira Guilherme Rocha Negrão … Glorimar Rosa Gláucia Maria Moraes de Oliveira

Abstract

Introduction:

Vegetarian diets have favorable effects on cardiovascular risk, provided that they do not contain ultra-processed foods (UPF).

Objective:

To compare the metabolic profile, cardiovascular risk, body composition, and food consumption in vegan (VEG), lacto-ovo vegetarian (LOV), and omnivorous (OMNI) women. To verify the association between UPF consumption and cardiovascular risk.

Methods:

Cross-sectional study with 119 VEG (n = 43), LOV (n = 38), and OMNI (n = 38) women. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters and the Framingham risk score were assessed. Food consumption was assessed by means of a 3-day food register, and intake of macronutrients, micronutrients, and UPF was estimated. The correlation between UPF consumption and cardiovascular risk was assessed using Spearman’s coefficient, with a significance level of 5%.

Results:

The groups showed low cardiovascular risk, without significant difference between them. The VEG and LOV groups had lower body mass index, neck circumference, body shape index, and systolic blood pressure (p < 0.05) than the OMNI group; greater consumption of carbohydrates, sugars, dietary fibers, micronutrients, beta-carotene, and carotenoids; and lower consumption of total fat, saturated fatty acids, and cholesterol (p < 0.05). Consumption of UPF was lower in the LOV group (5.7 [0.0– 19.8]) than in the OMNI group (14.9 [5.1 – 22.3]; p < 0.05). UPF consumption was associated with SBP (ρ = 0.439; p = 0.007) and blood sugar (ρ = 0.422; p = 0.010) in the VEG group, and in the LOV group it was inversely associated with LDL-c (ρ = −0.456; p = 0.010).

Conclusion:

Vegetarian women showed better body composition and dietary quality than OMNI women. It is important to take consumption of UPF in vegetarians into consideration, in order to improve cardiovascular risk in women.

Ler artigo completo

Cardiovascular Benefits of Plant-Based Diets

Better Adequacy of Food Intake According to Dietary Recommendations of National Cholesterol Education Program in Vegetarian Compared to Omnivorous Men

Abstract

Background

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Vegetarian Diets and Cardiovascular Risk in Women

Abstract

Introduction:

Objective:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusion:

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