Emerging Topics in Heart Failure: The Future of Heart Failure: Telemonitoring, Wearables, Artificial Intelligence and Learning in the Post-Pandemic Era

Telemonitoring in Heart Failure and Remote Management

Telemonitoring consists of monitoring and remote support for chronic heart failure (HF) patients. Telemonitoring can be non-invasive or invasive. Non-invasive telemonitoring includes telephone calls, periodic guidance through instructional material, control and monitoring of body weight, video calls and teleconsultations. ^, Invasive telemonitoring involves implantable devices that transmit hemodynamic and intrathoracic impedance data to a remote server. ^,

Clinical trials of non-invasive telemonitoring often show conflicting results. However, meta-analyses of observational and randomized studies on invasive and non-invasive telemonitoring have shown that they have a positive impact on HF prognosis. The reduction in overall mortality in HF patients can vary from 19 to 31% with invasive or non-invasive telemonitoring, ^, while reduction in the frequency of hospitalization for HF varies from 27 to 39%, mainly in functional class III/IV patients. ^–

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