What Pieces are Missing in the Puzzle of Cardiovascular Adaptation to Orthostatism?

The bipedalism of the human species is an evolutionary milestone and has motivated extensive research in the physiological and anthropological areas. ^,

Although the gravitational force (+Gz), acting at a mean velocity of 9.8 m/s , creates a gradient of pressure at the level of the circulatory system, the human being is capable of maintaining an upright posture because the gravitational pressure is partially neutralized by autonomic and cardiovascular compensatory mechanisms that prevent hypotension and loss of consciousness would ensue after orthostasis. ^–

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