Turmoil of Symptoms: The Devastating Impact of Cardiac Lymphoma – Multiple Clinical Manifestations and the Lethal Causes of Cardiac Involvement

Abstract

Primary cardiac lymphoma (PCL) is a rare and highly lethal neoplasm, whose nonspecific clinical presentation makes early diagnosis difficult. This article reports the case of an elderly patient, previously healthy, who experienced dizziness and syncope for four months before the discovery of a large tumor mass in the heart. Imaging exams, such as echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging, were crucial for tumor identification, and the biopsy confirmed it to be a B-cell lymphoma with high replication. However, given the severity of the condition and the family’s refusal to proceed with treatment, the patient progressed to sudden death two weeks after diagnosis. Primary cardiac tumors (PCTs) are underdiagnosed, with varied symptoms that may include vascular obstructions, arrhythmias, and heart failure. PCLs account for only 1% to 2% of primary cardiac masses and are more common in elderly men. The diagnosis is challenging due to the absence of specific signs, making imaging exams and biopsies essential for disease confirmation. This case illustrates the complexity of managing PCLs, whose rapid progression limits therapeutic options. The lack of specific symptoms and silent progression highlight the importance of early diagnosis. The high mortality rate reinforces the need for greater medical attention to this condition, which frequently leads to fatal outcomes before an effective intervention can be implemented.