Pulmonary veins isolation to treat patients with refractory paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: clinical results after a single procedure

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to access the clinical outcome of patients submitted to a single procedure of radiofrequency pulmonary veins (PV) isolation to treat refractory paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS: This study included 49 consecutive patients (36 male; mean age 54±10 years old) who had frequent symptomatic paroxysmal AF refractory to at least three antiarrhythmic drugs. We used a circular decapolar catheter for mapping PVs – left atrial connections and a 4-mm distal tip catheter for ablation (30 W and 50 C), aiming to achieve electrical isolation of 3 -4 PVs. RESULTS: Twenty-five patients (51%) did not present any AF recurrence in a mean follow-up of 12±5 months. Twenty-four (49%) had at least one recurrence during outcome; twenty (83%) of them within the first month after the procedure and four after two to nine months. After introducing antiarrhythmic drugs 15 (63%) patients were under control, 10 were asymptomatic and five complained of sporadic short duration AF episodes. Nine (37%) patients remained very symptomatic despite the use of antiarrhythmic drugs and were referred to a new procedure of PV isolation. No patient presented major complications. At the end of the follow-up, 35 (71%) patients remained in stable sinus rhythm with no AF recurrences after a single procedure, 50% of them without antiarrhythmic drugs. CONCLUSION: Most patients who present symptomatic paroxysmal AF refractory to antiarrhythmic drugs obtain a good clinical control after a single PV isolation procedure.