Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common class among malformations. These are important malformations that can compromise the patient’s survival and quality of life. Although there is slight variation among many population-based studies, CHD occurs in approximately 1% of live births (data range from 4 to 10 per 1000 live births), with a similar prevalence worldwide. It is also the main cause of mortality from birth, and its incidence is considered high given its severity. ^–

Critical CHD is often lethal in the absence of treatment. Since the first repair using cardiopulmonary bypass in 1953, accurate diagnosis and effective treatment have become feasible, even in the case of more complex congenital heart lesions. Effective surgical therapies have increased life expectancy.

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