Ana Gilabert-Garcia et al. Cristina Cristina Villarreal Guerrero Rodrigo Dagio-Cuéllar Jorge Luis Bermudez-Gonzalez … Arantza Marie Perez-Partida Joaquin Berarducci Javier Ivan Armenta-Moreno Jose Luna-Alvarez-Amezquita Juan Ignacio Straface Nilda Espinola-Zavaleta Erick Alexanderson
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) and ischemic heart disease (IHD) are often indistinctly used terms. Both combined have generated, over the past years, concerns about sex disparities in their presentation. From an epidemiological perspective, females have several disadvantages regarding the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of CAD. Most of the general cardiovascular risk factors affect women more frequently, or with a higher morbidity and mortality association. Besides, atypical manifestations of the disease and uncommon forms of CAD represent a diagnostic challenge for clinicians. Even if current treatments for CAD have no apparent sex bias, women representation in clinical trials and treatment patterns analyzed in clinical practice refuse this statement. Several disparities are caused by inevitable sex-particularities, but many of them are more social, cultural, and dogmatic beliefs that have to be addressed and overhaul.