MicroRNAs (miRNAs) were discovered in 1993 in studies of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and since then, these molecules have been of considerable importance in clinical practice for their use as potential biomarkers of different health and disease conditions.

In cell biology, the miRNAs play an important role in the physiological and pathological regulation of various biological processes and act as post-transcriptional regulators by binding to messenger RNA and preventing its translation or promoting molecular cleavage.^–miRNAs regulate different degenerative processes, cancer and immunological diseases. The increase and extracellular circulation reinforce the importance of these molecules as molecular biomarkers for prognosis, diagnosis, evolution, monitoring and therapy.^–

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