Surgery is the Means, Not the End: Late Follow-Up of Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) remains a leading treatment for coronary artery disease (CAD), particularly in high-risk patient subgroups such as those with multivessel disease, left ventricular dysfunction, diabetes mellitus, and high ischemic burden, as evidenced by decades of scientific evidence and its consistent long-term results.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) has a progressive, systemic, and chronic evolution, which makes long-term follow-up essential for interpreting the results in therapeutic strategies. Therefore, outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) cannot be limited solely to the technical success of the procedure or to in-hospital outcomes but must encompass a broader and more integrative long-term perspective.

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