Ischemic Stroke in a Young Adult: a diagnostic challenge. Exploring the association between Patent Foramen Ovale and Chiari Network

Introduction

Globally, strokes are the second leading cause of mortality,^, and are broadly categorized into hemorrhagic and ischemic types.^, In 2019, ischemic stroke accounted for 62.4% of all cases, totaling 7.63 million episodes. Projections indicate a substantial increase in stroke prevalence, from 3.9% in 2020 to an estimated 6.4% by 2050. Despite comprehensive etiological investigations, the underlying cause of cerebrovascular ischemic events remains undefined in 10% to 40% of the cases, known as cryptogenic stroke.

Stroke is often a disabling condition and poses a major threat to the socioeconomic stability of a country, particularly in developing nations. The incidence of ischemic stroke has been increasing, particularly among individuals under 55 years of age. Approximately 10% to 15% of all strokes manifest in young adults aged 18 to 49.^, This trend underscores the critical importance of stroke prevention strategies, even within this younger demographic.

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