Metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease in type-1 diabetes mellitus

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a complex disorder represented by a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors related to central fat distribution and insulin resistance (IR), and is associated with early mortality in non-diabetic individuals and in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The presence of MS and its components has also been described in patients with type-1 DM and may contribute to the increased risk of cardiovascular disease seen in this patient population. The objective of this study was to review the available evidences of the role of MS and IR in the development of cardiovascular disease in patients with type-1 DM.