Beyond Biological Factors: The Social Face of Cardiovascular Disease in Brazil

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which include ischemic heart disease (IHD) and cerebrovascular diseases (CVD), represent the leading cause of death globally and in Brazil. Although significant advances have been made in prevention and treatment, CVD mortality still exhibits striking disparities, often correlated with socioeconomic and vulnerability indicators.^–

Historically, understanding CVD risk factors has focused on biological aspects. However, evidence points to the crucial role of Social Determinants of Health (SDH), which encompass social, economic, cultural, ethnic, educational, and environmental conditions, in formulating strategies for comprehensive health care.^–

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