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Risk factors for acute myocardial infarction in Brazil (FRICAS study)

Marco Aurélio Dias da Silva et al. Amanda G. M. R. Sousa Hernan Schargodsky

PURPOSE: To determine risk factors related to acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Brazil. METHODS: Five hundred ninety one patients were selected in 20 medical centers in Brazil, between January/94 and March/95. Two-hundred-ninety-nine patients were cases, and 292 controls with a variety of acute diseases not related to the suspected or known risk factors for acute myocardial infarction. All data were collected through a structured questionnaire filled by the patients. The evaluation of the variables was done through univariate analysis with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: The factors related to acute myocardial infarction were respectively to cases and controls: Hypercholesterolemia – 210.93±46.74mg/dl and 185.71±45.45mg/dl, (p=0.000); smoking – 41.69% and 27.20% (p=0.000); hypertension – 52.35% and 20.88% (p=0.000); diabetes – 19.70% and 9.93% (p=0.001); family history – related to the patient’s father in 42.14% and 33.22% (p=0.025) and to the mother in 42.14% and 30.82% (p=0.007); socioeconomic level – 88.99% and 60.20% owned house (p=0.002); 44.45% and 33.21% owned car (p=0.010); physical activity – 56.83% and 48.28% had the habit of walking in the year prior to study entry (p=0.029); diet – 38.79% and 28.42% consumed canned food (p=0.013). The mean weight was 72.50±26.89kg and 69±12.26kg (p=0.0271). The mean height was 166.56±8.81cm and 166.66±8.47cm. CONCLUSION: This study confirmed the importance of hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, overweight and family history as risk factors for acute myocardial infarction. There was a significant relation between socioeconomic level and the prevalence of acute myocardial infarction.

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Risk factors associated with acute myocardial infarction in the São Paulo metropolitan region: a developed region in a developing country

Álvaro Avezum et al. Leopoldo Soares Piegas Júlio César R. Pereira

OBJECTIVE: To identify the risk factors associated with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and their respective powers of association in the São Paulo metropolitan region. METHODS: The cases comprised patients diagnosed with first AMI with an ST segment elevation. The controls were individuals with no known cardiovascular disease. The study comprised 271 cases and 282 controls from 12 hospitals. Risk factors were as follows: ethnic group; educational level; marital status; family income; family history of coronary artery disease; antecedents of arterial hypertension and of diabetes mellitus; hormonal replacement in women; smoking; physical activity; alcohol consumption; total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose levels; body mass index; and waist-hip ratio (WHR). RESULTS: The following risk factors showed and independent association with AMI: smoking [odds ratio (OR)=5.86; 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.25-10.57; P < 0.00001); waist-hip ratio (first vs. third tertile) (OR=4.27; 95% CI 2.28-8.00; P<0.00001); antecedents of arterial hypertension (OR=3.26; 95% CI 1.95-5.46; P< 0.00001); waist-hip ratio (first vs second tertile) (OR=3.07; 95% CI 1.66-5.66; P=0.0003); LDL-cholesterol level (OR=2.75; 95% CI 1.45-5.19; P=0.0018); antecedents of diabetes mellitus (OR= 2.51; 95% CI 1.45-5.19; P=0.023); family history of coronary artery disease (OR=2.33; 95% CI 1.44-3.75; P=0.0005); and HDL-cholesterol level (OR=0.53; 95% CI 0.32-0.87; P=0.011). CONCLUSION: Smoking, waist-hip ratio, antecedents of arterial hypertension and of diabetes mellitus, family history of coronary artery disease, and LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol levels showed to be independently associated with AMI within the São Paulo metropolitan region.

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Risk factors for acute myocardial infarction in Brazil (FRICAS study)

Risk factors associated with acute myocardial infarction in the São Paulo metropolitan region: a developed region in a developing country

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