What is the Importance of Clinical Clues, and How can we Avoid Mistakes in Following Them?

Approximately half of patients with heart failure (HF) have preserved ejection fraction (EF), and approximately half of these patients have increased left ventricular (LV) wall thickness . This increase in LV wall thickness is usually attributed to left ventricular hypertrophy induced by arterial hypertension (AH). However, cardiac amyloid fibril infiltration also increases ventricular wall thickness, and it can lead to a clinical syndrome of HF with preserved EF (HFpEF).

Light chain amyloidosis (AL) cardiomyopathy occurs in patients with AL or primary amyloidosis, which is a hematologic disease with specific hematologic treatment. Both hereditary transthyretin (hATTR) and wild-type (ATTRwt) amyloidosis can cause transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM).

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