Cardiac Sarcoidosis: The Role of Multimodal Imaging

ABSTRACT

Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is a potentially severe manifestation of systemic sarcoidosis, associated with advanced atrioventricular block, ventricular arrhythmias, heart failure, and sudden death. Diagnosis remains challenging due to phenotypic variability and the limitations of conventional diagnostic methods. Advances in imaging techniques, especially the combination of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) using ¹⁸F-FDG and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), have revolutionized the diagnostic approach and therapeutic monitoring of CS. This article reviews current concepts of CS and its diagnosis, with a focus on the role of PET/CT, the importance of appropriate patient preparation, and integration with CMR.